Tourism

Tourism

1. Changes In Tourism

   • Package holidays were rare
     • Made available by large companies, e.g. Thomas Cook, at cheap prices
   • British seaside resorts are less frequent
     • Exotic locations with better climate are now available, less tourists visit the towns, less money in the local economy, shops begin to close, becomes run down, even less tourists wish to visit
   • Weekend visits
     • Short city breaks are more appealing

2. Changes in level of tourism over time

   • Natural disasters
     • Earthquake, Hati
   • Natural processes
     • Coastal erosion, Norfolk
     • Rising sea levels, Maldives
   • Terrorism
     • Attacks in Paris
   • Health scares
     • Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), March 2003, impacted chinas touristm
   • Exchange rate fluctuation
     • If dollar falls against the pound, more expensive for americans, less for british
   • Increasing competition
     • People use to go to Spain, now to Turkey, its cheaper

3. Types of tourism

   • Religious
     • Lourdes
   • Dark
     • Auschwitz
   • Sport
     • Olympics
   • Medical
     • Dental implants in Croatia
   • Cruise
   • Theme Parks
   • Heritage and Urban
   • Gambling
     • Las Vegas

4. The butler model

   • Exploration
     • Involvment
       • Development
         • Consolidation
           • Stagnation
             • Decline
             • Rejuvenation

5. Relationship between tourism and economic development

   • Economic growth - increase in income - more disposable income - more demand for tourism
   • tourists travel - cause and increase in the economy within country visited
   • Population of developed countries will age - causing the nature of tourism to change

6. Growth of tourism and Economic development

   • 1. Establishment of hotels and other tourist facilities
   • 2. Expansion of local job opportunities and population
   • 3. Inflow of business and capital to satisfy increased local demand
   • 4. Substantial rise in per capita incomes
   • 5. Higher buissnes and personal tax base increases local government spending power
   • 6. Improvements of physical cultural infrastructure

7. Relationship between outbound tourism & economic development

   • People in MEDCs have higher disposable income than those in LEDCs, so they will spend a lot more on foreign tourism
   • People may spend more money than expected as they may have more disposable income than expected or they might not travel often so they will want to splurge on items to take some
   • People may not spend as much money as expected on foreign tourism as they may feel tourist attractions are costing too much and they may be able to do something in their country for half the price

8. Sustainable Tourism

   • Build hotels in keep with the environment
   • Take rubbish away with you
   • Wash towels less
   • Flight less - stay longer
   • Carbon offset their flights
   • Consider slow travel
   • Distribute resources equally between tourists and locals
   • Less guests to a resources at a time
   • Don't distribute local communities, so they don't become reliant on tourism
   • Low economic leakages