Nucleotides

Nucleotides

1. What is it?

   • Type of biological molecules comprised of three things...
     • Pentose Sugar
     • Nitrogenous Base
     • Phosphate group
   • They are the monomers that make up DNA and RNA
     • These are types of nucleic acids
   • ADP and ATP are special types of nucleotide and are used for storing and transporting energy

2. DNA

   • Has a pentose sugar that is deoxyribose
   • Each DNA nucleotide has the same sugar and phosphate group
   • There are four possible nitrogenous bases...
     • Pyrimidine
       • Cytosine
       • Thymine
       • A Pyrimidine base has one carbon-nitrogen ring
     • Purine
       • Adenine
       • Guanine
       • A Purine has two carbon-nitrogen rings
   • Two polynucleotide chains joined together

3. RNA

   • Has a ribose pentose sugar
   • Like DNA, RNA has a phosphate group and four possible bases
   • Uracil (pyrimidine) is a base that replaces Thymine
   • Made up of a single polynucleotide chain

4. Formation of Polynucleotides

   • Nucleotides join by a condensation reaction between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of another
     • This is a phosphodiester bond
       • A reverse hydrolysis reaction can take place to break down the polynucleotide chain

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