Edexcel A level Biology A - Topic 8

Edexcel A level Biology A - Topic 8

1. Neurones/Action potentials

   • Sensory, relay, motor
   • Myelin sheath
   • Schwann cell
   • Axon
   • Nodes of Ranvier
   • Nerve impulses
     • Voltage-dependent channels
       • K+
       • Na+
     • -70mV, -55mV, +40mV
     • Positive feedback
     • Depolarised, repolarised, hyperpolarised
     • Refractory period
     • Propogation
       • Saltatory conduction

2. Visual development/Learning

   • Vision
     • Critical window
     • Axon growth
     • Columns
     • Depth perception
       • Carpentered world hypothesis
   • Habituation
     • Snail core practical

3. Animal models

4. The brain

   • Structure
     • Cerebral cortex
       • Parietal lobe
       • Occipital lobe
       • Frontal lobe
       • Temporal lobe
     • Cerebellum
     • Corpus callosum
     • Hypothalamus
     • Medulla oblongata
     • Basal ganglia
   • Imaging
     • CT scans
     • MRI
     • fMRI
     • PET scans

5. Response to light

   • Plants
     • Auxins
       • Phototropism
       • Growth
       • Cell expansion
     • Phytochromes
       • Pr
       • Pfr
       • Long day
       • Short day
   • Eyes
     • Pupil reflix
     • Structure
       • Cornea
       • Retina
       • Conjunctiva
       • Lens
       • Sclera
       • Iris
       • Optic nerve
       • Choroid layer
     • Photoreceptors
       • Rods
         • Rhodopsin
           • Opsin
           • Retinal
         • Bipolar neurone
         • In light/dark
         • Black & white
       • Cones
         • Colour

6. Synapses

   • Synaptic transmission
     • Post-synaptic membrane
     • Receptors
     • Synaptic vesicles
     • Synaptic cleft
   • Problems
     • Depression
       • Serotonin
       • SSRIs
     • Parkinson's
       • Dopamine
       • L-dopa
       • Dopamine agonists
       • Selgiline
     • MDMA
   • Role
     • Flexibility of response
     • Coordinated response
   • Excitatory
   • Inhibitory