Movement

Movement

1. Bones

2. Skeleton

   • Contains more than 200 bones
   • Bones
     • Is a living tissue with a blood supply
     • Calcium makes them strong
     • Is constantly dissolved and made
     • Bones are made from 3 main materials...
       • Protein
         • Organic material called Collagen
       • Minerals
         • Calcium
         • Phosphorus
       • Marrow
         • Red
           • Produces Red Blood Cells
         • Yellow
           • Stores Fat
       • All give structure to the bones
   • Function of skeleton and bones
     • Protection
       • Bone is rigid and tough so it can protect soft, delicate organs
       • Hard and flexible
       • E.g. Skull protects brain
     • Support
       • Creates a frame for other body parts to use (hang off)
       • E.g. Without a back bone, we would not be able to stay straight and upright
       • E.g. Femur supports the leg
     • Movement
       • Bones are rigid and solid
       • Muscles can be attached to them via tendons
       • Joints
     • Contains marrow
       • Helps make blood
       • Keeps bone alive

3. Joints

   • 3 Types
     • Hinge
       • Knee
         • Move in only one direction
       • Elbow
         • Moves in only one direction
     • Fixed
       • Skull- cannot move
     • Ball and Socket
       • Hip
         • Move in pretty much any direction
   • A joint is where two bones meet
   • Help you move easier
   • Held together by Ligaments
   • Cartilage prevents the bones from rubbing together
   • Synovial Fluid keeps the cartilage slippery

4. Muscles

   • Ligaments hold bone to bone
   • Tendons hold bones to muscles
   • Antagonistic Muscles
     • They are a pair of muscles that work against each other
       • One muscle contracts (shortens) while the other relaxes (lengthens)
         • Or Vice Versa
     • Attached to bone through tendons so they can pull on bone
     • One muscle pulls the bone in one direction and the other muscle pulls it in the other direction, causing the joint to move
   • Muscles only pull and not push so that is why they can come in pairs...