SCIENCE NOTES

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SCIENCE NOTES FOR 1ST QUARTER

Lesson 1: Scientific Method

Identifying the Problem: This serves as the basis of the investigation. In the context of the Scientific Method, a problem is addressed through the systematic collection and analysis of observed evidence.

Create a Hypothesis: Hypotheses are tentative answers that explain the relationship between variables. Variables are factors that may or may not affect the outcome of an experiment. These variables are classified into two types: the Independent (or Manipulated) Variable and the Dependent (or Responding) Variable, which I’ll refer to as I/M and R/V. The I/M is the variable you change because you believe it will influence the other variable, while the R/V is the variable that changes as a result of the I/M. Constants, on the other hand, are the factors that remain the same throughout the experiment.

Design an Experiment: To test a hypothesis, you need to design an experiment to see if your prediction is correct. An experiment requires proper planning and the use of appropriate materials.

Interpreting the Data: Collecting the data from the experiment that you tested and using it to crate a conclusion.

Creating a Conclusion: After conducting your experiment, check whether your hypothesis is supported or rejected. Then, write a conclusion that explains your results, how you obtained them, and the materials you used. Record your findings in a notebook, on paper, or digitally.

Sharing your Findings: The final step is to share your results. Present your conclusion to your class, friends, coworkers, or anyone you wish to inform, and explain what you discovered from your hypothesis and experiment.

Lesson 2: Matter

Matter: Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. The three common states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.

Solid: A solid has a definite shape and a fixed volume because its molecules are tightly packed, leaving little room to move. Solids also have mass.

Liquid: In a liquid, the molecules are close together but not as tightly packed as in a solid. This allows them to move around more freely. Liquids have a fixed volume but no definite shape—they take the shape of their container. For example, if you pour the same amount of water into three different glasses, the volume stays the same, even though the shape changes.

Gas: Gas molecules are very far apart and move freely. Gases have mass, but unlike solids and liquids, they do not have a definite shape or volume. Instead, they spread out to fill any container.

Lesson 3: Properties of Matter

Mass: The amount of matter present in an object, Fun Fact: All 3 basic states of matter have the same mass.

Volume: The amount of space occupied by matter. The equation in getting mass is…

V= L x W x H

This is for Rectangles

V= All three sides

This is for Square

Density: Measures the amount of mass or matter present in a given volume of a substance.

P= M÷V

This is the equation for getting density

Temperature: Measures how hot or cold something or someone is.

Fahrenheit is a way of temperature something in bigger numbers while Celsius is a way of measuring temperature in smaller numbers.

Lesson 5: Changes in Matter due to Temperature

Phase Change: Happens due to temperature.

Melting: When Solid becomes Liquid

Evaporation: When Liquid becomes Gas

Condensation: When Gas becomes Liquid

Freezing: When Liquid becomes Solid