DNA Sequencing - Part 2

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DNA Sequencing

Sanger Sequencing

Time consuming and difficult.

Sequencing methods are more advanced allowing faster and automated sequencing.

Most recent is called the flow cell.

Flow cell

Allows millions of fragments of DNA to be replicated without having to move them from one medium to another, and produces clusters of identical fragments of DNA.

Allows large amounts of DNA to be processed.

Known as "massively parallel sequencing".

Technology due to DNA sequencing

Bioinformatics - Collection and analysis of raw biological data.

Computational biology - Process of building theoretical models on data collected from bioinformatics.

Genome - Wide comparisons - study patterns in DNA, shows inherited disease due to genes.

Genome analysis of pathogens - can pinpoint source of infection. Identify pathogens resistant to treatment. Track and monitor outbreaks, targets areas of the pathogen vulnerable to drugs, or assists in making vaccines.

DNA barcoding - can know which species an organism belongs, or whether we have found a new species.

Evolutionary relationships - builds a firm idea of ancestral relatives and evolutionary trees.

Genomics

Genomics = study of the genome of an organism, mapping, structure, function and evolution of the genome.

Proteomics (applications in identification of new drugs)

Amino acid sequencing to analyse and study the proteins which make up an organism.

2 main areas:

Spliceosomes - allows us to identify the root of a given phenotype.

Protein modification - gives us the range of the variation in the produce of proteins by a given gene.