Body co-ordination

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Body

Coordination

Nervous

system

•CNS

and PNS

•Uses

tiny cells called NEURONS to carry electrical messages (Nerve impulses)

CNS-Central

Nervous System

•Brain

and spinal cord

•Processes

ALL of the INFORMATION

PNS-Peripheral

Nervous System

•Cranial

nerves branch from the brain

•Spinal

nerves branch out from the spinal cord

•Sends

and receives messages to and from the CNS

Neurons

•Cell

body- Contains the nucleus

•Dendrites-

which branch out and receives messages

•Knobs-

Passes messages to the next neuron

•Axon-

Sends nerve impulses along the cell

•Myelin

Sheath- Ensures the electrical signal doesn't

pass to other neurons

•Synapse-

the space between the neurons

•Neurotransmitters:

Chemical messages that are sent between neurons

•The

synapse also converts the messages into a chemical message (neurotransmitter)

Sensory

and motor neurones

•Sensory

neurones- carry messages from the sensory

organs to

the CNS

i.e.

Eye, ears, ect…

•Motor

neurones- carry messages from the CNS to the effectors that

put the messages into effect

i.e.

Muscles or glands

The

human brain parts:

•Cerebrum:

Conscious thoughts and voluntary movement of every body part

Right

cerebral hemisphere: Creative & emotional activities

Left

cerebral hemisphere: language & logical thinking (maths/reading)

•Cerebellum:

Located at the base of the cerebrum and is responsible for coordination and

balance

•Brain

stem (medulla): connects the spinal cord to the brain and controls breathing, blood pressure and heart rate

•Nervous

system and the brain (PNS)

Somatic

nervous system:

Responsible for collecting information from our senses and body’s movement.

Autonomic

nervous system:

Prepares

your

body to be alert (sympathetic) and to calm down (parasympathetic).

By redirecting

blood to and from the certain areas that are likely to be used, muscles and

effectors.

Stimulus>Receptors>sensory

nerve>hypothalamus>motor nerve> effectors> effect

•Relay

and sensory neurons (CNS)

Relay:

Reaction to things without our brain sending the message

Sensory:

Tells us something has happened(or we detected some stimulus)

The

relay neuron in the spinal cord passes the message to a motor neurone to react.

Passed back to the brain. Acts as a reflex

•

•Words

Neurotransmitters: A

chemical substance/message

which

is released at the end of a nerve fibre by the arrival of a nerve impulse

Sympathetic:

nervous system prepares the body to be alert

Parasympathetic:

system helps us to calm down

Sensory

neurones:

Tells us something has happened from the stimulus

Motor

neurons:

Gives effect from the hypothalamus

Stimulus:

Affects that the sensory neurons detects

•Chemical

control

Endocrine

system parts:

•Endocrine

glands: produce hormones that act as chemical messages

•Hypothalamus:

receives messages from the body

•Pituitary

glands: controls what hormones are produced and how much of each

Our

bodies ensure that: we maintain healthy levels of oxygen, water and the

temperature

It is

called homeostasis

•Some

common hormones

Antidiuretic

hormone (ADH): Controls

amount of water in urine and does this by causing the kidney to absorb water

out of it

Glucagon:

Opposite

of Insulin, adds glucose to the bloodstream

Insulin:

Released

by the pancreas and removes excess glucose to the bloodstream

Adrenalin:

prepares the body to act in emergency, when triggered by the sympathetic

nervous system