ENGLISH LITERATURE

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Specification:

PAPER 1 - Macbeth & Jekyll and Hyde (1 hour & 45 min)

PAPER 2 - AIC, poetry anthology & unseen poetry (2 hours & 15 min)

(paper 1)

MACBETH

given small extract and answer question on it - one question i.e how it presents power of Lady Macbeth = 30 marks

presents the ... as a whole of the play - i.e quotes from different parts of play presenting... as...(mention middle and end, remember quotes)

different ways of presenting is through setting- i.e foreshadowing/ representing characters

example questions:

how the character/ characters are presented using the given extract and through out the play?

how does it present relationships through different parts of the play?

how does it present Macbeth?

how does it present Macbeth's state of mind?'

how Macbeth thoughts changed from the given extract compared to earlier on the play?

how language is used to present good and evil?

how has it been made dramatic and interesting for the audience?

how does it show the witches as powerful influence on Macbeth?

how does it present feelings of characters?

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motifs~

nature/weather = weather is upset with Macbeth's actions/ distruption of natural order of society/ rebelling nature shows departure of accepted political and moral order

blood =blood is shocking in every aspect and the constant presence is a reminder for audience how bad their deeds were and how serious the consequences were/imaginary blood represents guilt/ as more murder occurs so does the guilt and importance of blood increase

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ACT 1 SCENE 1

quotes~

'fair is foul, foul is fair' = its fair for Macbeth but hes done a wrong deed to fulfil his share of fairness/ his foul actions will come back to him thus its fair/ like a nursery rhyme suggesting that they are like innocent children who are usually trouble makers but don't realise it thus playing innocent/ witches are neutral not mean they are playing fair but Macbeth's greed and insanity causes him to take the decision and make foul decisions/ juxtaposition means that they are indecisive however they shouldn't be because they predict everything and are all knowing yet they are unclear meaning that Macbeth's makes the decision

(enter three witches) - stage direction = Shakespear usually doesn't use stage directions but in this case he has to have an impact on the audience at the time because they had a fear of supernatural at that time thus grasps attention/ automatically audience have distaste and assume nothing good will come

'meet in lightening, thunder and rain' = witches have access to manipulate Macbeth is because hes filled with dark and that turmoil where evil resides, he has conflict within him due to his good and bad fighting thus storm resides within him, so they can easily meet him/ a long as there's Macbeth the good weather will never come, he is the darkness, hes the source/ foreshadows all the events that will happen in those weather such as Duncan's murder and the first sign of lady Macbeth's insanity/also they will meet again meaning that trouble will happen again because they are never good news also that foreshadows Macbeth will do something horrible in that influence

'hover through the fog' = hover represents that the either witches intentions are unclear or they are unclear of what is going to happen which contradicts the idea of them making a prediction/ fog emphasises intentions being unclear , witches are mysterious/ Macbeth has lost his way, darkness filled, the light isn't no longer visible

'ere the set of sun' = set of the sun means it has gone down representing the deaths that have occurred in the battle/ foreshadows the death to come/ all the evil deeds to happen in the night, the dark in secrecy after the good light sun has gone from this battle, the battle where Macbeth was loyal but then he got lost at night due to the darkness

'when the battles lost and won' = suggesting that when Macbeth loses they could win in terms that they have led him to his destruction so they have won/ or the traitor war where Macbeth won but then lost his inner battle of right and wrong/ one side has won and the other has lost

'when the hurlyburlys done' = there will be peace after all the storm and chaos, they will create the trouble, it's like a chant that they are putting on Mcbetha

(deserted place) - stage directions = represents Macbeth's isolation and loneliness due to killing his close friend Banquo and Lady Macbeth killing herself due to guilt, he has become empty and useless haunted, unwanted and evil, incomplete and doesn't care about his self or his actions anymore

'upon the heath' = Macbeth is untamed, gone wild and out of control, barren useless and emphasise empty again

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ACT 1 SCENE 2

'like valor's minion carved out his passage'- simile to show power of Macbeth, he faces no obstacle in his path/ violent as he carved it,makes it his way

'ave Macbeth- well he deserves that name'

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Lady Macbeth power quotes~

'Scorpions fill my mind'- metaphor for lady Macbeth being the scorpions which are evil that have invested Macbeth minds thus have the power to manipulate and change the way Macbeth things- fill suggests that she is dominating as there is no room for any other thoughts she has trapped him with the power of her evilness and power to persuade

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ACT 1 SCENE 5

'my dearest partner of greatness'

'too full o' th' milk of human kindness'

'pour my spirits in thine ear'

'chastise with the valor of my tongue'

give him tending'- imperative shows power and pride as she is commanding- already feels shes superior to some people

'make thick my blood'- shows power, decrease weakness-shows power- can't feel anything therefore no guilt or remorse giving her power to do any hideous crime she will without hesitation

'fill me from the crown to the toe top-full of direst cruelty'

'unsex me here' - make her man= Shakespears sexist view on women as being weak and being man makes you powerful thus her wanting to lose her identity to become powerful/ shows the greedy sacrifice shes willing to make thus shows courage and power

'come to my woman's breast and take my milk for gall'

'my keen knife see not the wound it makes'- shows signs of weakness despite being commanding because shows signs of desperation, shes building power, she knows that she can't handle it and shes dependent on other factors and supernatural

this nights great business in my dispatch'- she feels Macbeth is uncapable and in order for this to work she needs to be in charge and in power because shes more wiser and dominating

'look like th' innocent flower but be the serpent under't

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ACT 1 SCENE 7

like the poor cat i' th' adage'- showing power because comparing him to something weak- manipulative words- poor suggests that they desire wealth and if they don't strive for power they will remain at the bottom

'plucked my nipple from its boneless gums and dashed its brains out- shows pure evil, power to overcome motherhood and emotions- berates and insults macbeth-disgustingly graphic

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(paper 1)

JEKYLL AND HYDE

extract given and a question such as i.e how does the writer present ... as vulnerable?

then refer to it as a whole so memorise key quotes from different parts of the text

only one question = 30 marks

questions:

how does Stevenson present Dr Jekyll as a mysterious gentleman?- in extract then as whole

quotes~

'curiosity of behold the features of real Mr Hyde'

'doctor, it appeared, now more than ever confined himself to the cabinet over the laboratory'- chapter 6

'grown very silent'- chapter 6

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(paper 2)

AN INSPECTOR CALLS

pick from two questions - one question (34 marks)

answer with two points

remember quotes

name language devices

example questions:

how or why Priestley change Sheila in the play?

how Priestley presents responsibility in the play?

how Priestley presents the characters?

how Priestley presents power in the play?

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quotes~

'just a knighthood of course'= Mr Birling- shows that hes arrogant and acts as though he doesn't care but it does matter to him and he will be desperate to have after the phone call

'rather pompous' = narration

'unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable' = Mr Birling- shows that he was ignorant and dumb and didn't want believe anything else, only believed in what they believed, shows arrogance, creates annoyance and anger towards the middle class because they were once at that stage and the titanic sinking led to many lives being lost their own ones and it was their own fault, they brought destruction and guilt metaphor

'Germans don't want war' = Mr Birling- the ignorance is also shown here because due to their idiocy they allowed themselves to get attacked and lose family members once again- dramatic irony, negative impression

'girls of that class' = Mrs Birling- shows that she believes she is superior to he r and saying she s agirl and thats she not emphasises superority and her class - catergorising her- doesnt even have a name- cant come near her

'we are responsible for each other' =inspector- to show the theme motif to bring the message to the audience

'hard headed business man' = narration

'suppose we are all nice people now' =Sheila- sarcasm to show that how no one is affected and have forgotten that even it it was false they have probably still hurtother Eva Smiths and thehy can't change what they have to each and every women which is even worse- metaphor for putting on mask

'stop these silly pretences'= Sheila

'husbands superior' = narration- desperate for power, social climber he wants the one on the top and with the most money, become greedy and poor, has faced difficulties hence his strict behaviour and selfishness

'lower costs and higher prices' - only sees self gain, self observant, doesn't see anyone else issues, working in his factory but he doesn't feel responsible towards the situation on sees self profit and cares only about his family

'might have done better for yourself socially'- mentioning class system

'mustn't try to build up a kind of wall between us and that girl. inspector will just break it down'

'mother do stop before its too late'

'my husband was Lord Mayor only two years ago and that hes still a magistrate'

'i should jolly well think not'

'i had her turned out of her job'- proud, without hesitation to announce that he fired her not thinking twice how it may have affected her, only thought that it was effecting his job and that too not so greatly

'it's you two who are being childish, trying not to face the facts'

'i can't take responsibility' - theme of responsibility and the older generation feel as though they can't take responsibility

'port' - posh wine at that era and constantly drinks as though it's no money in order to impress Gerald

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1914 - 1945 Edwardian period, after the war everyone was impacted and so the play was shown to show the audience of that period how they were before when they had capitalists views, Priestley's purpose was make most people socialists and try to use the younger generation as a path to convince the older generation, trying to create equality, during Edwardian period the rich stayed rich and the poor stayed poor

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(paper 2)

Seen Poem

quotes~

'globed like a full sail strung'

'kite'

'anchor'