Lecture #2: Colliding Cultures

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I. Context

Columbian Exchange

food, culture, disease

population boom --> need for expansion

Spain

sent Conquistadors (meaning "conquerors")

II. Spanish America

Central and South America

economic and religious dominance

wanted more

moved south and west

IIA. Florida

1513 - began to expand

"encomienda" system

if you travel and live in the New World --> government promised land and slaves

any Spanish officers came

Apalache Tribe

established trade

pushed them out of their land

dying from conflict and disease

Mission System

tactic of Spanish colonization

Spread Catholicism

convert native to be "civilized"

IIB. Westward

Mexico

moved north to New Mexico

1598 - Acoma Massacre

Acoma Massacre

about 400 Spainards entered Pueblo Territory

slaughtered 1,000 people from Pueblo Tribe

survivors tortured, enslaved

population - 60,000 --> 15-17,000

led to revolt

Spanish Barbarism

III. Rivals of Spain

Protestant Reformation

Brutality

Spain loses favor because of barbarism

IIIA. France

Goal: new passage to Asia

found Canada --> Great Lakes

Goal: Economic

not to conquer

want to establish friendly trade with natives

fur trade --> beavers

lumber

trade went as far as LA

Mississippi River

IIIB. Dutch (Netherlands)

Capitalists

Liberties... freedom (foreshadow)

establish Amsterdam Stock Exchange

Dutch Trading Company

established in New World

paid natives for land (at first)

More land

began conflict with natives

built a wall to protect what they had

IIIC. Portugal

Catholic

Fighting with Spain over same land

Pope creates treaty for peace

Treaty of Tordesillas

line of demarcation

Portugal gets Brazil

sugar cane

gold

slaves