Test
GI - Liver
Este test tiene tipos de pregunta que se abren en el reproductor de siempre.
Preguntas del test (46)
1Where is the liver located
In the [blank_start]dome[blank_end] of the diaphragm within the abdominal cavity- Adome
2What are the 2 parts of the caudate
[blank_start]Caudate[blank_end] and [blank_start]papillary[blank_end] process- ACaudate
- Bpapillary
3What are the purpose of the lobes of the liver
Allow [blank_start]movement[blank_end] of organ due to the diaphragm- Amovement
4What species have a gall bladder
[blank_start]Carnivores[blank_end], [blank_start]ruminants[blank_end]m [blank_start]pigs[blank_end] and [blank_start]mice[blank_end]
Absent in [blank_start]horses[blank_end] and [blank_start]rats[blank_end]- ACarnivores
- Bruminants
- Cpigs
- Dmice
- Ehorses
- Frats
5Descibe the histology of the liver
Liver is surrounded by capsule of [blank_start]connective[blank_end] tissue
Capsule extends into the liver by [blank_start]septate[blank_end] so its highly branched
[blank_start]Septae[blank_end] [blank_start]delineate[blank_end] the structural unit of the liver into hepatic lobules- Aconnective
- Bseptate
- CSeptae
- Ddelineate
6What are the hepatocytes
Functional cells of the liver and absorb molecules from [blank_start]space[blank_end] of [blank_start]disse[blank_end] (space between hepatocyte and sinusoid) across the sinusoidal membrane- Adisse
- Bspace
7What is the bile canaculus
ducted [blank_start]intracelular[blank_end] spaces between [blank_start]hepatocytes[blank_end] + bile is secreted across [blank_start]canalicular[blank_end] membrane- Aintracelular
- Bhepatocytes
- Ccanalicular
8What is the bilary system
This conveys bile from the liver to the [blank_start]duodenal[blank_end] lumen and secretes bile across the hepatocyte memebrane into [blank_start]canaliculi[blank_end].
Bile flows from canaliculli into ductulles which are [blank_start]small[blank_end] bile ducts
The ducts which [blank_start]coalescences[blank_end] into hepatic bile ducts leading into a common bile duct.
The common bile duct enters the [blank_start]duodenum[blank_end] at the ' spincter of oddi '
If present, bile moves between gall bladder and bile duct via cystic ducts- Aduodenal
- Bcanaliculi
- Csmall
- Dcoalescences
- Eduodenum
9What is the blood supply to the liver
Hepatic [blank_start]portal[blank_end] [blank_start]vein[blank_end] - [blank_start]75[blank_end] % blood entering liver
Hepatic [blank_start]artery[blank_end] - [blank_start]25[blank_end]% blood entering liver- Aportal
- Bvein
- Cartery
- D75
- E25
10What happens at sinusoids
[blank_start]Venous[blank_end] and [blank_start]arterial[blank_end] blood mix as they enter [blank_start]sinusoids[blank_end]- AVenous
- Barterial
- Csinusoids
11Where does blood go from sinusoids
Blood from sinusoids empty into central which [blank_start]coalese[blank_end] into [blank_start]hepatic[blank_end] veins
Hepatic veins then empty into the [blank_start]caudal[blank_end] vena cava- Acoalese
- Bhepatic
- Ccaudal
12Describe a hepatic lobule
[blank_start]Haxagonal[blank_end] lobules made up of plates of hepatic which [blank_start]radiates[blank_end] outward from a [blank_start]central[blank_end] vein and between the lobules are [blank_start]portal[blank_end] tracts ( triads )- AHaxagonal
- Bradiates
- Ccentral
- Dportal
13What is the hepatic acinis
It the functional unit of the liver which can be divided into zones corresponding to distances from [blank_start]arterial[blank_end] blood supply cells in zone 1 ( nearest to artery ) has [blank_start]best[blank_end] O2 supply
Cells in zone 3 (furthest from artery) has the [blank_start]poorest[blank_end] O2 supply- Aarterial
- Bbest
- Cpoorest
14What are sinusoids
These are [blank_start]considered[blank_end] as vascular channels that are lined with fenstrated [blank_start]endothelial[blank_end] cells and surrounded by layers of hepatocytes.
Macrophages ( [blank_start]kupffer[blank_end] cells ) patrol the sinusods and blood flows from portal [blank_start]vein[blank_end] / [blank_start]artery[blank_end] through sinusoids towards [blank_start]central[blank_end] vein- Aconsidered
- Bendothelial
- Ckupffer
- Dartery
- Evein
- Fcentral
15What are fucntions the liver
Removes toxins
Synthesis of [blank_start]cholestrol[blank_end] + bile acids
Breakdown of [blank_start]RBC[blank_end]
CHO, lipid, amino acid [blank_start]metabolism[blank_end]
Removal of [blank_start]bacteria[blank_end]
Clotting factors products
Storage of [blank_start]glycogen[blank_end], iron, copper and vitamin- Acholestrol
- BRBC
- Cmetabolism
- Dbacteria
- Eglycogen
16What are the 3 possible ways to metabolic carbohydrate in the liver
[blank_start]Glycogeneisis[blank_end], [blank_start]glycogenolysis[blank_end], gluconeogenesis- AGlycogeneisis
- Bglycogenolysis
17What are the possible ways to metabolise lipid in liver
Oxidation of [blank_start]FAs[blank_end]
[blank_start]Ketone body[blank_end] formation
Sythesis of [blank_start]chloestrol, phospholipids and bile acids[blank_end]- AFAs
- BKetone body
- Cchloestrol, phospholipids and bile acids
18Whata re the possible routes to metabolise protein in liver
[blank_start]Deamination[blank_end] + [blank_start]transamination[blank_end] of amino acids as well as the sythesis of non [blank_start]essential[blank_end] amino acids- ADeamination
- Btransamination
- Cessential
19How is the liver involved in the detoxification + clearance
All substances absorbed from [blank_start]GI[blank_end] organs pass through the liver via the [blank_start]hepatic[blank_end] [blank_start]portal[blank_end] [blank_start]vein[blank_end] - therefore plays major role in purificaton, transformation + clearance.
Liver removes harmful substances from blood + converts substances e.g [blank_start]drugs[blank_end], toxins into less toxic compounds- AGI
- Bhepatic
- Cportal
- Dvein
- Edrugs
20What is ammonia converted to in the liver
[blank_start]Urea[blank_end] which is excreted in the [blank_start]liver[blank_end]- AUrea
- Bliver
21What is haem broken down into
[blank_start]Bilirubin[blank_end] - is excreted in the [blank_start]bile[blank_end]- ABilirubin
- Bbile
22What happens to hormone of the liver
Hormones [blank_start]inactivated[blank_end]- Ainactivated
23How are RBC degraded
RBCs removed fro blood by [blank_start]macrophages[blank_end] in the [blank_start]spleen[blank_end] + [blank_start]liver[blank_end]- Amacrophages
- Bspleen
- Cliver
24Why are rbcs degraded
Degraded to yeild [blank_start]heam[blank_end] - converted into bile pigments ; [blank_start]biliverdin[blank_end] (green) in macrophage + [blank_start]bilirubin[blank_end] (yellow)
Bilirubin is transported to the liver in blood bound to [blank_start]albumin[blank_end] + bilirubin is conjugated with [blank_start]glucoronic acid[blank_end] in liver- Abiliverdin
- Bbilirubin
- Calbumin
- Dglucoronic acid
- Eheam
25How and why are bile pigments excreted
Bile pigments play no part in digestion + only produce a waste route for [blank_start]haem[blank_end]
[blank_start]Conjugated[blank_end] bilirubin excreted into [blank_start]bile[blank_end] adn in the gut it can be acted on intestinal [blank_start]bacteria[blank_end] (brown) + is exctreted as faeces- Ahaem
- BConjugated
- Cbile
- Dbacteria
26What are the functions of bile
Promotes [blank_start]hydrolysis[blank_end] by lipases since bile acids facilitate digestion of dietary [blank_start]triglycerides[blank_end] by acting as [blank_start]emulsifying[blank_end] agents
Facilitates intestinal absorbtion of lipids as bile acids [blank_start]micelles[blank_end] improves solublisation and uptake of lipids
Provides exit route for waste products + drugs and mechanisms for elimination of excess [blank_start]cholestrol[blank_end]- Ahydrolysis
- Btriglycerides
- Cemulsifying
- Dmicelles
- Echolestrol
27What is the composition of bile
water
electrolytes
[blank_start]billary[blank_end] proteins
bile pigments ([blank_start]bilirubin[blank_end])
[blank_start]chloestrol[blank_end]
phospholipids
bile acids - [blank_start]cholic[blank_end] acid + [blank_start]chenodeoxycholic[blank_end] acid- Abillary
- Bbilirubin
- Cchloestrol
- Dcholic
- Echenodeoxycholic
28How is bile stored
In [blank_start]gall[blank_end] [blank_start]bladder[blank_end] of present allowing storage and concentration of bile beneficial to carnivores and omnivores that have [blank_start]intermittent[blank_end] digestion- Agall
- Bbladder
- Cintermittent
29Do horses have a gall bladder
No, since they have [blank_start]continuous[blank_end] digestion and low levels of [blank_start]fat[blank_end] in their diet- Acontinuous
- Bfat
30Do ruminants have a gall bladder
Yes, but it has ineffective concentrating mechanism of bile
They have a gall bladder since the [blank_start]fermentation[blank_end] chamber occurs before the [blank_start]duodenum[blank_end] therefore the release of [blank_start]fats[blank_end] in the duodenum is intermitent- Afermentation
- Bduodenum
- Cfats
31How are primary bile acids synthesised
2 major bile acids; [blank_start]cholic[blank_end] + c[blank_start]henodeoxycholic[blank_end] acid sythesised from [blank_start]chloestrol[blank_end] in the liver.
These are [blank_start]hydrophobic[blank_end] and to make them water soluble, they are conguagted with [blank_start]glycine/ taurine[blank_end]- Acholic
- Bhenodeoxycholic
- Cchloestrol
- Dhydrophobic
- Eglycine/ taurine
32How are secondary bile acids synthesised
Following participation in lipid digestion and absorbtion primary acids move into the [blank_start]ileum[blank_end] and its in the terminal ileum where some [blank_start]primary[blank_end] bile acids can be modified by [blank_start]bacteria[blank_end]
They can be decojugated and converted into [blank_start]secondary[blank_end] bile acid, [blank_start]deoxycholic[blank_end] acid and [blank_start]lithocholic[blank_end] acid- Aileum
- Bprimary
- Cbacteria
- Dsecondary
- Edeoxycholic
- Flithocholic
33How are bile acids transported
Bile acids transported into [blank_start]bile[blank_end] [blank_start]canaliculi[blank_end] by active transport performed by bile acid transporter protein ATP - [blank_start]bile salt excretory pump[blank_end] (BSEP)- Abile
- Bcanaliculi
- Cbile salt excretory pump
34Why are bile caniculi isolated from hepatic cell membrane
To prevent [blank_start]leakage[blank_end]- Aleakage
35Where does bile empty after canaliculi feed into large canals
Into the [blank_start]duodenum[blank_end] at major [blank_start]duodenal[blank_end] [blank_start]papilla[blank_end] and controlled by circular collection of [blank_start]smooth[blank_end] muscle ([blank_start]Sphincter of oddi[blank_end])- Aduodenum
- Bduodenal
- Cpapilla
- Dsmooth
- ESphincter of oddi
36What is enterohepatic circulation
This is recyling process involving bile acids being absorbed from terminal [blank_start]ileum[blank_end] by active transport.
It is then transported back into the liver via [blank_start]hepatic[blank_end] [blank_start]portal[blank_end] [blank_start]vein[blank_end] + efficiently captured from blood stream by liver via [blank_start]Na+[blank_end] dependent [blank_start]taurocholate co transporting protein[blank_end] (NTCP)- Aileum
- Bhepatic
- Cportal
- Dvein
- ENa+
- Ftaurocholate co transporting protein
37What regulates the secretion of bile
The parasympathetic system increases via [blank_start]Vagus[blank_end] N
[blank_start]CCK[blank_end] released in response to [blank_start]fat[blank_end] in duodenum causing gall bladder to contract and spincter of oddi to relax while those without gall bladder have [blank_start]continous[blank_end] flow of bile into [blank_start]duodenum[blank_end] - [blank_start]secretin[blank_end] - released in repsonse to presence of acid chyme in [blank_start]duodenum[blank_end] mainly stimulating pancreatic juice secretion but also increases [blank_start]HCO3[blank_end]- production in liver- AVagus
- BCCK
- Cfat
- Dcontinous
- Eduodenum
- Fsecretin
- Gduodenum
- HHCO3
38Bile secretion is also regulated by amount of bile salts returning to liver by enterohepatic circulation - what happens during a meal
Presence of fafat in duodenum causes [blank_start]CCK[blank_end] release
- contraction of [blank_start]gall[blank_end] [blank_start]bladder[blank_end]
- [blank_start]relaxation[blank_end] of sphincter of oddi
- [blank_start]enterohepatic[blank_end] circulation of bile salts increases
- increase in bile secretion by [blank_start]liver[blank_end]- ACCK
- Bgall
- Cbladder
- Drelaxation
- Eenterohepatic
- Fliver
39What happens between meals
Lack of fat between duodenum
- [blank_start]relaxation[blank_end] of gall bladder
- [blank_start]contraction[blank_end] of sphincter of oddi
- [blank_start]enterohepatic[blank_end] [blank_start]circulation[blank_end] of bile salts decreases
- bile salts stored and concentrated in [blank_start]gall[blank_end] [blank_start]bladder[blank_end]- Arelaxation
- Bcontraction
- Centerohepatic
- Dcirculation
- Egall
- Fbladder
40What are the 3 main causes of hepatic dysfunction (liver disease)
[blank_start]Infection[blank_end], [blank_start]poisoning[blank_end] + [blank_start]tumours[blank_end]- AInfection
- Bpoisoning
- Ctumours
41What major fucntions may be affected with onset of liver disease
Bile acid [blank_start]recycling[blank_end], [blank_start]detoxification[blank_end] and [blank_start]metabolic[blank_end] functions- Arecycling
- Bdetoxification
- Cmetabolic
42What are the clinical signs of liver disease
[blank_start]hepatic[blank_end] dysfunction
depression, decreased appetite and lethargy
WL
V + D+
PUPD
ascities + altered liver size (hepatomegaly/ microhepatica)
jaundice due to increased [blank_start]bilirubin[blank_end] in blood
bleeding tendancy- Ahepatic
- Bbilirubin
43What is enterohepatic cholestasis
It is a decrease in bile secretion by [blank_start]hepatocytes[blank_end] caused by infections e.g hepatits
Causes [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] bile flow and [blank_start]backflow[blank_end] of billary constituents and so impairs normal bichemical processed within [blank_start]hepatocytes[blank_end]- Ahepatocytes
- Bdecreased
- Cbackflow
- Dhepatocytes
44What is extrahepatic cholestasis
Obstructing [blank_start]gall[blank_end] bladder and / or bile ducts with causes including [blank_start]tumour[blank_end], galls tones or gall bladder [blank_start]inflammation[blank_end]
Major clinical sign - [blank_start]jaundice[blank_end]
- Agall
- Btumour
- Cinflammation
- Djaundice
45What is a parto systemic shunt
[blank_start]Abnormal[blank_end] vessels connect partial circulation directly to the [blank_start]caudal vena cavae[blank_end] and so blood by passes the liver
2 Types
[blank_start]congenital[blank_end] - single shunt (may be genetic)
[blank_start]acquired[blank_end] - multiple shunts and due to portal hypertension- AAbnormal
- Bcaudal vena cavae
- Ccongenital
- Dacquired
46What are the clinical signs of portosystemic shunt
Liver unable to [blank_start]detoxify[blank_end]
- hyperammoniemia
- depression / tremors
- head pressing
- PUPD
- worse after eating- Adetoxify
Información
- Descripción
- GI Test sobre GI - Liver , creado por hanna sayedi el 04/03/2019.
- Autor
- hanna sayedi
- Idioma
- English
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