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Midterm
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Preguntas del test (106)
1The first goal in psychological research is
- Aunderstanding.
- Bmeasurement.
- Cprediction.
- Dcontrol.
2For a hypothesis to be testable it should
- Abe formulated precisely, and the variables used should be clearly defined.
- Bbe reported to a psychology journal for approval.
- Cbe notarized.
- Dbe approved by three separate researchers before the testing can begin.
3Operational definitions are used when explaining the variables in a study. These operational definitions
- Aare defined by previous studies using the same variables.
- Bare defined by the participants within the study.
- Cfollow a strict set up rules in defining set forth in scientific dictionary.
- Dwhile not following a dictionary definition it does explain how the variable operates within the study.
4In analyzing research, statistics are used to
- Aanalyze the final results of the study.
- Baid the participants when they are being informed of what is required of them during the testing.
- Chelp design the testing.
- Dbuild a theory.
5The stage in which the method, analysis, and conclusion are being scrutinized is
- Awhen the participants come back to find the conclusions of their testing.
- Bafter the journal submission.
- Cwhen department heads want to know the findings.
- Dwhen future participants are used to recreate the same study.
6Another name for the participants used in a psychological study would be
- Avariables.
- Btests.
- Crecipients.
- Dsample.
7Experimental research differs from descriptive research in that
- Aexperimental research looks at the variables in the way they interact with one another while holding no control over the variables. Descriptive controls the variables and describes how the control is affecting the results.
- Bboth experimental and descriptive research controls the variables. In experimental the research is all that is required. Descriptive research requires a paper be written to explain the manipulation.
- Cexperimental research controls the variables while descriptive research is done when variables cannot be controlled.
- Ddescriptive research is used only when reading another person's work and reporting on it.
8If a variable can affect another variable in a specific way it is
- Aan extraneous variable.
- Ban independent variable. Independent variables are the only ones to affect another.
- Ca confounding variable.
9If two variables are intertwined in a way that makes them hard to distinguished between in their results, they are
- Aextraneous variables.
- Bconfounding variables.
- Cindependent variables.
10Random assignments occur when
- Athere are no specific sets of questions. Participants randomly talk so that researchers can see what concerns them.
- Bgroups are randomly tested giving them an equal chance.
- Cresearchers just randomly pick people no matter their age, gender, or education no matter what the researcher is seeking.
- Dgroups are given specific tasks to perform.
11Experimental research has a major advantage of looking at cause and effect. This is done through
- Arelying on the participants to explain why they did as they did.
- Bbeing able to control variables to see how one variable affects another.
- Cvariables that cannot be controlled.
- Dthe aides used during the research mark each cause and effect as it occurs.
12As a correlation increases, predictability increases.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
13The type of research that leaves the researcher only looking at correlation between two variables without control of the variables is
- Aexperimental.
- Bcomplex.
- Cdescriptive.
- Dsimple.
14A positive correlation occurs during a study of employee retention when
- Aneither y nor x are affected.
- By increases while x decreases.
- Cboth y and x increase together or decrease together.
15Correlations have a numerical index that shows the degree of a relationship. It's called
- Aa compound relationship.
- Ba correlation coefficient.
- Ca complex coefficient.
- Dan extraneous relationship.
16If the correlation coefficient is -1 it means that the correlation is
- Anegative.
- Bnonexistent.
- Cunrelated.
- Dpositive.
17To be able to predict one variable based on the knowledge of another the correlation must show that it's strengthened to
- A0
- B-6
- C-1
18When Jane Goodall began her studies with apes she observed them from a distant place and did not interact with them. This was called
- Anaturalistic observation.
- Bparticipant observations.
- Cenvironmental observation.
19Meta-analysis is
- Aone-on-one phone conversations with each person in the participant group.
- Bstudying a person or animal from afar to see their habits and reactions for various stimuli.
- Cgathering others' research and incorporating it to make one study.
- Da study done with many people in one area being questioned at the same time.
20While animal studies do exist in psychological research, what is the percentage of times an animal is used?
- A7%-8%
- B36%-39%
- C2%-4%
21B.F. Skinner's theory can be explained easily as he believed
- Aevery action or reaction of a person was done through inherited traits.
- BPeople tend to repeat good experiences and avoid repeating bad experiences.
- Cthat Freud was correct and that all behaviors can be determined through psychoanalysis and dream study.
- Dbehaviors were cognitive thus they were only learned through the environment around them.
22The area of psychology that looks at acquiring knowledge is
- Aindustrial/organizational (I/O) psychology.
- Bpersonality
- Ccognitive.
- Deducational psychology.
23Cognitive and biological perspectives can also be associated with the argument of
- Atested vs untested.
- Bnature vs nurture.
- Cconscious vs unconscious.
24What will be the likely effect if psychology does, indeed, have a provincial slant?
- ATreatments cannot be altered for different people, so it is unnecessary to work with different cultures.
- BMost countries do not believe in psychology as a discipline.
- CAll people have the same psychological issues so there is no negative effect.
- DMany people and cultures will not be represented.
25When psychologists research variations in people and cultures, the method that should be used is
- ASpend a considerable amount of time with each culture and make notes of what might work for them.
- BAnalyze how old tests work on differing cultures and then check for similarities and differences of people and reactions.
- CFor more accurate results only study those people that have been previously represented.
26Which research area of psychology deals with the biological basis of behavior?
- AHealth
- BExperimental
- CPhysiological
27Which of the following specialties works more with assessments than one-on-one with clients?
- AClinical
- BIndustrial/Organizational
- CCounseling
28There are nine major research areas in modern psychology. They are developmental, social, experimental, cognitive, personality, psychometrics, educational, health, and
- Apositive.
- Bphysiological.
- Cindustrial/organizational.
- Dclinical.
29Applied psychology is divided into four major specializations which are school, clinical, industrial/organizational, and
- Adevelopmental.
- Bhealth.
- Ccounseling.
30Which is considered more important in shaping someone's behavior, heredity (nature) or environment (nurture)?
- AEnvironment
- BBoth are important
- CHeredity
- DNeither are important
31Zane is having trouble learning to play the violin. His teacher advises him, "Practice makes perfect!" This advice doesn't help because it's too vague — it doesn't suggest what kind of practice, how long to practice, and so on. Which of the following parts of the scientific method might provide Zane with specific direction?
- ACollecting data
- BReporting findings
- CFormulating hypotheses
32One day in his study group, a first-year med student complains, "Why do we need to learn so much about placebo effects? They aren't such a big deal! I don't know why everyone keeps talking about them!" How would you explain to him "what the big deal is" about placebo effects?
- AWhile it is true that placebo effects are typically weak, they are incredibly common and are thus important.
- BPlacebo effects can actually be quite powerful, provided multiple people share the same belief at once.
- CPlacebo effects can actually be quite powerful, but usually only work in medical settings.
- DPlacebo effects can actually be quite powerful, and often approach the strength of the treatments they are compared to.
33Two researchers have just decided that the best way to investigate their research question is through the use of case studies. During which stage of the research process are these types of decisions made?
- Aduring the second step of a scientific investigation
- Bduring the third step of a scientific investigation
- Cduring the fourth step of a scientific investigation
34Which term best describes measures of central tendency and variability?
- Adescriptive statistics
- Bdependent variables
- Cinferential statistics
35What information do you have if you know the correlation between two variables?
- Aa predicted value for one variable based on your knowledge of a second variable
- Bthe relationship between the two variables that is not due to chance factors
- Cwhich variables are the independent and dependent variables
36Why are placebo effects a problem?
- AThey increase the probability that confounding variables affect the results.
- BThey make it impossible to use descriptive and inferential statistics.
- CThey make it seem like a variable causes a bigger difference than it actually does.
- DThey limit the generalizability of the findings from the sample to a larger population.
37Stacy agreed to take part in an online survey, but once the survey loaded she realized it contained over 300 questions. Rather than simply quitting, she completed it rapidly by selecting “yes” or “definitely agree” for every question. What do Stacy’s answers to the survey illustrate?
- Asocial desirability bias
- Bresponse set
- Csampling bias
38What is one ethical responsibility of a psychologist?
- Ato ensure that random sampling is used in psychological studies
- Bto ensure that all persons are treated with dignity
- Cto provide compensation to research participants
39The cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmits information are the
- Adendrites.
- Bneurons.
- Cglia.
- Dsoma.
40After an action potential fires, there is a waiting period before it can fire again which is called
- Aresting potential activation.
- Brecharging period.
- Cpotential displacement.
- Dabsolute refractory period.
41No one thinks about this but every move the body makes is due to
- Aaxons.
- Bacetylcholine (Ach).
- Cneurotransmitters.
- Dreplicators.
42Monoamines are three neurotransmitters which are
- Aestrogen, dopamine, and serotonin.
- Btestosterone, estrogen, and serotonin.
- Cnorepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin.
- Dnorepinephrine, dopamine, and testosterone.
43The nervous system that is part of another and works with sensory muscles and sensory receptors is
- Asomatic.
- Bcentral.
- Cautonomic.
- Dperipheral.
44The nervous system that is part of another and works with the heart, blood vessels, and smooth muscles is
- Asomatic.
- Bcentral.
- Cautonomic.
- Dperipheral.
45Analyzing the difference between afferent nerve fibers and efferent nerve fibers shows the differences between are
- Aafferent nerve fibers are neurons that carry information inward to the central nervous system and efferent nerve fibers are neurons that carry information outward from the central nervous system.
- Bafferent nerve fibers are axons that carry information inward to the central nervous system and efferent nerve fibers are axons that carry information outward from the central nervous system.
- Cafferent nerve fibers are neurons that carry information outward from the central nervous system and efferent nerve fibers are neurons that carry information inward to the central nervous system.
- Dafferent nerve fibers are axons that carry information outward from the central nervous system and efferent nerve fibers are axons that carry information inward to the central nervous system.
46Brain lesions and brain stimulation are different in that
- Abrain lesions can be performed with electrodes while stimulation cannot.
- Bbrain stimulation is the only one done with electrodes.
- Clesions are injuries to the brain and brain stimulation heals the injuries.
- Dlesions destroy part of the brain while stimulation reinvigorates the area being stimulated.
47The part of the brain that houses the pons, medulla, and cerebellum is called
- Athe midbrain.
- Bthe forebrain.
- Cthe hindbrain.
48The part of the brain that controls breathing and other unconscious essential functions is the
- Amedulla.
- Bhippocampus.
- Cpons.
- Dcerebellum.
49The part of the brain that works largely with vision and hearing is
- Athe hindbrain.
- Bthe midbrain.
- Cthe forebrain.
50In discussing the hypothalamus, the basic biological needs discussed are
- Amating, eating, sleeping, dreaming.
- Bfighting, fleeing, eating, and mating.
- Cdreaming, fleeing, mating, fighting.
51Alice was in an accident which damaged her brain. After the accident, Alice could not speak. The part of the brain that was damaged was the
- Aright hemisphere.
- Bleft hemisphere.
52Perceptual symmetry deals with the differing amount of time to process between the right and left hemispheres. Which side of the hemisphere helps in faster processing of facial recognition?
- AThe left processes facial recognition faster.
- BThe right hemisphere is faster.
53the endocrine system is controlled by the hypothalamus which has a connection to the pituitary gland. When the hormones reach the pituitary gland, it releases a variety of hormones that spread through the body.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
54A hormone that is released by the pituitary gland is oxytocin. This hormone has long been considered to be released during childbirth and breastfeeding but new studies show that it
- Aalso aids in relationships. It aids in fidelity, compassion, trust, and closeness.
- Balso aids in sleep and dreams.
- Calso aids in concentration and memory.
55Brandon and Eric were both in committed relationships. During a study, Brandon was given a placebo while Eric was given a hormone spray. Once the hormone spray took effect, the men were placed in a room with a very attractive woman. Eric did not pay a lot of attention to the woman, but Brandon was very interested. The hormone that potentially kept Eric away from the woman and faithful to his partner was
- AViagra.
- BSerotonin.
- COxytocin.
- DTestosterone.
56Excluding sex cells, the human body's chromosome count is
- Atwenty-three.
- Bforty-six.
- Cthirty-nine.
57Researchers doing research on heredity consider the best testing studies to be
- Atwin studies.
- Bfamily studies.
- Cheredity studies.
- Dgenetic profiling.
58One of Darwin's theories was that species did not come from divine intervention but from evolutionary reasons. His other finding was that humans
- Ashould try to be in control of all other species.
- Bhad the exact makeup as all species.
- Cwere much more superior creatures than the other species.
- Dwere not a lot different from other species.
59What aspect of speech is governed by Broca’s area?
- Athe emotional aspects of speech
- Blanguage development
- Cthe production of speech
- Dthe comprehension of speech
60In 1981, who won a Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine for his landmark research involving “split-brain” patients?
- ARoger Sperry
- BRobert Plomin
- CSolomon Snyder
61In neurologically intact individuals, where do the signals to move the left hand originate?
- Aright parietal lobe
- Bright frontal lobe
- Cleft parietal lobe
- Dleft frontal lobe
62How do hormonal messages compare with neural messages?
- AHormonal messages travel at a much slower speed.
- BHormonal messages are generally transmitted over much shorter distances.
- CHormonal messages travel more quickly through the body.
63According to family studies, which statement best describes the risk of developing schizophrenia?
- AOnly individuals with parents who have schizophrenia have an elevated risk.
- BThere is no way to predict who will develop schizophrenia.
- CA person with a sibling who has schizophrenia has a 9 percent risk.
- DThere is no genetic predisposition for the development of schizophrenia.
64According to Darwin’s theory, when might traits contribute to evolution?
- Awhen the traits provide either a survival or a reproductive advantage
- Bwhen the traits provide both a survival and a reproductive advantage
- Cwhen the traits provide only a survival advantage
65Which of the following is an example of a behavioural trait that has evolved due to environmental adaptation?
- ARats only eat small amount of unfamiliar food to avoid lethal toxins.
- BThe shell of a turtle developed to provide protection from predators.
- COver many generations, humans came to prefer the taste of fatty foods.
66As a child, Zereth would often read in bed when she was supposed to be sleeping. So that she wouldn't be caught, she often used a flashlight so she could see the words in the book. While it took a minute for Zereth to be able to read in low light, it became easier after about 10 minutes. What is this process called?
- ACataract
- BConstriction of the pupil
- CDark adaptation
- DNearsightedness
67Which part of the eye is most responsible for night vision and peripheral vision?
- AFovea
- BRods
- CCones
68At which point do the axons from each eye cross to project an image to the opposite half of the brain?
- AOptic chiasm
- BSuperior colliculus
- CLateral geniculate nucleus
- DOptic disk
69Visual input is often routed to other cortical areas for additional processing. When Raphael wants to pick up a coffee cup, which cortical stream helps him determine where the coffee cup is located?
- AVentral stream
- BFeature analysis
- CPerceptual set
- DDorsal stream
70When Avec saw the ocean for the first time, she focused on watching waves for a long time. After a while, she began to see other elements such as sand, sun, shells, birds, and people. The progression of perception from an individual element such as waves to seeing the whole is called _____.
- AContinuity
- BPerceptual hypothesis
- CBottom-up processing
71When Eloisa was taught to read, she was taught to look at the whole word, think about the picture near the word, and use that information to figure out what the word was. What was Eloisa using when learning to read?
- ATop-down processing
- BInattentional blindness
- CPerceptual readiness
- DFeature analysis
72In class, students were shown a picture of a group of people standing in a room. Some were very large, others quite small. Students were asked to guess which people were closer to the front of the room. Which Gestalt principle would students most likely use to divide the workers?
- ASimplicity
- BFigure and ground
- CProximity
73We form a hypothesis based on a patten of sensory stimulation such as our expectations, context, and even a lack of information. What is the hypothesis that is responsible for how we see patterns of sensory cues?
- ATop-down processing
- BPerceptual
- CFeature analysis
74While at the art museum, Aviva marveled at the ability of the artist to make her feel a sense of distance when looking at a painting. Aviva could tell which flowers were closer, where the horizon was, and that the barn was quite a distance away from the flowers, even though the painting was flat. Which perceptual cue helped Aviva determine this information?
- ABinocular depth cues
- BDepth perception
- CPictorial depth cues
75Aisha was on a flight to Los Angeles, and as the plane approached the city, Aisha was amazed at how large it seemed to be, how blue the ocean looked, and how close the beach was to the city. As the plane drew closer to landing, she continued to take in this same information, without adjusting her thought process. What might account for Aisha unchanging view of the city and the ocean as she got closer to them?
- APerceptual constancy
- BMonocular cues
- CDepth perception
76The basic assumption of Gestalt psychology is _____.
- Awe infer information based on patterns of sensory stimulation
- Bthe whole can be greater than the sum of its parts
- Cwe experience stable perceptions even in the face of change
77Yui's grandfather sometimes has a hard time hearing what she says to him, but he can always hear her brother who has a much lower voice. What might make Yui's voice more difficult for her grandfather to hear?
- AHigher pitch
- BLower timbre
- CFrequency
78In which way can we explain how the brain detect the frequency of a one based on the area along the basilar membrane that is most active?
- AAuditory localization
- BTimbre
- CPlace theory
- DFrequency theory
79While taking a bite of piping hot pizza, Desmon burned his tongue. In doing so, he likely caused damage to _____.
- Agustatory receptors
- Btaste buds
- Cinsular cortex
80Which of the sensory systems is not routed through the thalamus before it moves to the cortex?
- ATaste
- BHearing
- CVision
- DSmell
81Which part of the brain is primarily devoted to processing signal coming from the fingers, lips, and tongue?
- AThe fast pathway
- BSomatosensory cortex
- CThalamus
82An interior designer is choosing a paint colour for a room and has two samples that are both blue, however one blue is described as brighter than the other. Both would have the same wavelength, but would differ based on what physical property of light?
- ASaturation
- BHue
- CAmplitude
83What substance are nontasters insensitive to?
- APTC
- BSalt
- CGlutamate
84What are papillae?
- AAreas on the tongue where taste receptors are located
- BReceptors in the olfactory bulb that sense chemical substances in the air
- CReceptors in the retina that sense light waveform
85Which of the following describes a situation that is a result of sensory adaptation?
- AThe first taste of a lemon is very sour
- BA sudden loud noise while studying in the library causes someone to jump
- CAfter eating something very sour, water is perceived as sweet
- DA dog can track a missing person after smelling a piece of their clothing
86Which of the following is an example of sensory integration?
- AA delay between when you are injured and when you actually feel the pain associated with the injury
- BFeeling someone’s forehead to see if they have a fever
- CA dog identifying drugs in luggage at the airport
- DSomeone tasting a new bottle of wine and explaining the flavour to someone else
87What is the minimum amount of stimulation that a person can detect?
- Adetection threshold
- Brelative threshold
- Cabsolute threshold
88Which statement best summarizes Weber’s Law?
- AThe just noticeable difference is a constant proportion of the initial stimulus.
- BThe just noticeable difference is the same for all of the sensory systems.
- CThe just noticeable difference only applies to differences in visual stimuli.
89John is having a hearing test and the technician tells him to press a button every time he hears a tone. Sometimes the tone is so low that he was not sure that it was present. What can you conclude?
- AJohn’s discriminability index is low, indicating possible deafness.
- BWhen John was unsure if the tone was present, the sound was near his absolute threshold.
- CJohn’s criterion is higher than on trials when the tone is louder.
90You are in the library reading a book with very small print. Which structure in the eye is most important as you read?
- Afovea
- Blens
- Ciris
91Where do the optic nerve fibres go after they diverge at the optic chiasm?
- Ahypothalamus and superior colliculus
- Breticular formation and hypothalamus
- Clateral geniculate nucleus and hypothalamus
- Dlateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus
92What does trichromatic theory suggest?
- AThe human eye has three types of receptors with differing sensitivities to wavelengths of light.
- BHuman colour perception relies on the activation of three types of cells: rods, cones, and bipolar cells.
- CThe human eye has a unique receptor that responds to each potential colour in the visual spectrum.
93A research participant is asked to describe the following stimulus: —* —* —*. The subject describes it as three pairs, each consisting of a dash and a star. On what basis did the participant group these stimuli?
- Aproximity
- Bclosure
- Ccontinuity
- Dsimilarity
94Some theorists believe that when we read, we first perceive the small component parts of the letters and put these pieces together to recognize whole letters. They compare this process to putting together a puzzle. What type of process does this describe?
- Aperceptual processing
- Bsubjective contour processing
- Ctop-down processing
- Dbottom-up processing
95Due to a hockey injury, Michael has no vision in one eye. What cue could he use to see depth?
- Amotion parallax
- Bretinal disparity
- Csubjective contour
96At which frequencies is the human ear most sensitive to sounds?
- Afrequencies near 2000 Hz
- Bfrequencies close to 20 000 Hz
- Cfrequencies near 500 Hz
97What structure of the ear vibrates when stimulated by sound waves?
- Aossicles
- Beardrum
- Ccochlea
98What lobe in the brain is primarily responsible for processing of auditory stimuli?
- Aparietal lobes
- Bprefrontal cortex
- Ctemporal lobes
99Which statement best describes taste cell sensitivity?
- ATaste cells respond equally to sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami.
- BTaste perceptions depend on patterns of neural activity initiated by taste receptors.
- CEach taste cell is specialized to respond to only one of the primary tastes.
100Compared to supertasters, which flavours are nontasters less sensitive to?
- Acertain salty and bitter flavours
- Bcertain sweet and bitter flavours
- Ccertain sweet and sour flavours
101Stimulating sensory receptors in the skin causes neural signals to be sent to the somatosensory cortex in what part of the brain?
- Aparietal lobes
- Bhypothalamus
- Cprefrontal cortex
- Dtemporal lobes
102What is the initial route of the fast pathway for pain?
- Athrough the ventrobasal nucleus of the hypothalamus
- Bthrough the midline nucleus of the thalamus
- Cthrough the midline nucleus of the amygdala
- Dthrough the ventrobasal nucleus of the thalamus
103Leonard trapped his hand in the door of his car five minutes ago. The first sharp pain he felt initially has been replaced with a slow, throbbing pain. Which fibres carry the signals for the slow, throbbing pain to Leonard’s central nervous system?
- Athin, unmyelinated neurons called C fibres
- Bthick, myelinated neurons called A-delta fibres
- Cthick, myelinated neurons called C fibres
- Dthin, unmyelinated neurons called A-delta fibres
104Where are the receptors for the vestibular sense located?
- Ain the temporal lobe of the cortex
- Bat the base of the spinal cord
- Cin the inner ear
105What body sense would be strongly activated if a person were on a small boat on a rough sea?
- Atactile sense
- Bvestibular sense
- Ccutaneous sense
106Which of the following is an example of sensory integration?
- Areceiving misleading information due to visual illusions
- Bexperiencing the cocktail party effect during a loud lecture
- Ctasting a sour candy when a sweet one was expected
- Dturning to look in the direction of a barking dog
Información
- Descripción
- Psychology Test sobre Midterm, creado por Sophia Bryan-Carbonell el 13/10/2022.
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- English
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