Ethics Reviewer

1. 1Rachels claims that the story of the Greeks and the Callations illustrates that:

   1. Adifferent societies have different moral codes
   2. Bno moral code is absolutely better than any other
   3. Cthe idea of a universal moral truth is an illusion
   4. Dall of the above
2. 2According to cultural relativism:
   

   1. ASome moral codes are better than others.
   2. Bthere is no independent standard against which to judge the moral code of a society.
   3. Cit is objectively morally right to be tolerant of the moral views of other societies.
   4. Dwe have moral obligations only to members of our own culture.
3. 3Rachels argues that the cultural differences argument is:
   

   1. Asound
   2. Bvalid but not sound
   3. Cnot valid
   4. Dbased on a false assumption
4. 4 According to Rachels, if cultural relativism is true, moral knowledge is:
   

   1. Aan incoherent notion.
   2. Bimpossible to acquire.
   3. Cvery difficult to acquire.
   4. Dvery easy to acquire.
5. 5Rachels argues that differences in custom:
   

   1. Aare always based on differences in values.
   2. Bare sometimes, but not always, based on differences in values.
   3. Care never based on differences in values.
   4. Dare always illusory.
6. 6Rachels claims that the Eskimos' different attitudes toward infanticide are based on:
   

   1. Adifferent values than ours.
   2. Bdifferent circumstances than ours.
   3. Cboth a and b.
   4. Dneither a nor b.
7. 7According to Rachels, the prohibition on murder:
   

   1. Ais peculiar to Western societies.
   2. Bis a product of cultural norms.
   3. Cis a product of religious views.
   4. Dis a necessary feature of all societies.
8. 8Rachels claims that cultural relativism:

   1. Ais false, but can teach us important lessons.
   2. Bis false, and has nothing to offer.
   3. Cis true, and that this is very important.
   4. Dis true, but that this is not very important.
9. 9Which of the following is NOT one of the claims typically made by cultural relativists?

   1. AThere is no universal truth in ethics.
   2. BWestern values are generally superior to non-Western values.
   3. CWe should adopt an attitude of tolerance toward other cultures.
   4. DDifferent societies have different moral codes.
10. 10According to Rachels, the cultural differences argument
    

    1. Ais basically sound.
    2. Bdraws a conclusion that does not follow from the argument's premise.
    3. Cis rooted in a false premise.
    4. Ddemonstrates the truth of cultural relativism.

11. 11If cultural relativism is true, then which of the following claims must be false?
    

    1. ASome actions that conform to the code of one's society may still be wrong.
    2. BSociety has made no moral progress since the days of slavery.
    3. CTo discover the truth about morality, one should consult the major world religions.
    4. Dnone of the above
12. 12Among the Eskimos, female infanticide is practiced more frequently than male infanticide because
    

    1. AEskimos have greater affection for boys than girls.
    2. BEskimo males die prematurely at much higher rates than Eskimo females.
    3. CEskimos believe it is shameful for a woman to give birth to more than one daughter.
    4. Dmarriage dowries are a heavy burden on the parents of girls.
13. 13Even if we reject cultural relativism, Rachels argues we may still learn from it that
    

    1. Amoral progress is impossible.
    2. Bwe should keep an open mind.
    3. Cpreferences are not all based on some absolute rational standard.
    4. Dboth B and C
14. 14Which of the following consequences follows from taking cultural relativism to be true?
    
    

    1. AAsking whether a given action conforms to the code of one's society is sufficient for determining that action's rightness or wrongness.
    2. BThe assumption that our society has made moral progress since the days of slavery becomes doubtful.
    3. CA society tolerant of Jews cannot be said to be superior to an anti-Semitic society.
    4. DAll of these are correct.
15. 15From cultural relativism, Rachels argues, we can learn:
    

    1. Anothing
    2. Bto keep an open mind.
    3. Cthat objective truth in morality is unattainable.
    4. Dthe superiority of our own values.
16. 16Cultural Relativism holds that there is no such thing as ______________ in ethics.
    

    1. Auniversal suffrage
    2. Bsubjective values
    3. Cuniversal truth
    4. Dsubjective truth
17. 17Which of these statements does Rachels reject?
    

    1. AMany of our practices are only cultural products.
    2. BMany of our practices are only cultural products, so all our practices must only be cultural practices.
18. 18Which of the following is not one of the values that Rachels argues all large societies must have?
    

    1. AThe value of truth-telling
    2. BThe value of prohibiting murder
    3. CThe value of caring for infants (to the extent that it's possible)
    4. DThe value of protection of private property
19. 19What is the term for a person who is not sure whether God exists?
    

    1. AAtheist
    2. BAgnostic
    3. CDeist
    4. DTheist
20. 20Which of the following claims would the deist accept?
    

    1. AGod does not exist.
    2. BGod exists but does not give us commands.
    3. CGod exists and gives commands but did not create morality.
    4. DGod exists and is the creator of morality.
21. 21 According to the lecture, what does good moral character involve?
    

    1. ADoing the right thing because it's the right thing to do
    2. BDoing the right thing out of fear of punishment
    3. CDoing the right thing out of love of God
    4. DAll of the above.
22. 22What is the relationship between religion and moral motivation?
    

    1. AReligion is required to motivate us to do the right thing.
    2. BReligion often motivates people to do the right thing.
    3. CReligion is not required to motivate us to do the right thing.
    4. DBoth b and c
23. 23What is the Divine Command Theory?
    

    1. AThe view that God's commands do not create morality but reliably track it
    2. BThe view that God's commands create morality
    3. CThe view that God created the universe simply by issuing a command
    4. DThe view that God's commands are the only thing that motivates us to act morally
24. 24What problem does Socrates's question in the Euthyphro raise for the Divine Command Theory?
    

    1. AIf God does not exist, the Divine Command Theory must be false.
    2. BMany people don't believe in God but still behave morally.
    3. CIf the Divine Command Theory is true, then God's commands are arbitrary.
    4. DIf the Divine Command Theory is true, then it is impossible to know what is right or wrong.
25. 25Which of the following is required if we are to be justified in relying on religion for moral guidance?
    

    1. AWe must have good reason to believe in God.
    2. BWe must have a way of selecting which religious text is the correct one.
    3. CWe must have a way of accurately interpreting our chosen religious text.
    4. DAll of the above
26. 26Why is a literal reading of religious texts problematic?
    

    1. ASuch texts sometimes contradict themselves.
    2. BA literal reading would often challenge our ordinary assumptions.
    3. CIt is impossible to determine what a "literal" reading would consist of.
    4. DIf we read the texts literally, we are not permitted to do many things we'd like to do.
27. 27Psychological egoism
    

    1. Amakes the same argument as ethical egoism.
    2. Bis purely a moral theory.
    3. Cis purely a psychological theory.
    4. Dis both a moral and psychological theory.
28. 28 _______ is a normative moral theory.
    

    1. APsychological egoism
    2. BEthical egoism
    3. CAltruism
    4. DThe prisoner's dilemma
29. 29Everyday experience and common sense suggest that
    

    1. Apsychological egoism is true, since people act very selfishly.
    2. Bpeople sometimes act unselfishly.
    3. Cselfishness is actually a virtue.
    4. Dgenuine altruism is possible.
30. 30If psychological egoism is true and the only choices we can make are self-serving choices, then it _______ follow that such choices are morally right.
    

    1. Adoes not
    2. Bmust
    3. Ccan, in rare circumstances
    4. Dcan often
31. 31Morality
    

    1. Ais an entirely individual matter.
    2. Brequires that we cooperate and value the interests of others as well as our own.
    3. Crequires that we always act self-sacrificially for the sake of others.
    4. Drequires that we love others, but also demands that we must not.
32. 32The prisoner's dilemma shows how people focusing on self-interest may lose advantages they could gain by taking a riskier path of cooperation.
    

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
33. 33 Ethical egoism never requires that I sacrifice my immediate interests for the sake of my longer-term gain.
    

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
34. 34On its objective interpretation, ethical egoism gives us a strong motivation for doing what is right, by its definition.
    

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
35. 35When evaluated by the four criteria for moral theories, ethical egoism's most serious problems have to do with explanatory power and moral confirmation.
    

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
36. 36A practical problem for ethical egoism is that it seems to preclude love and friendship, even though our having such relationships is very much in our interest.
    

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
37. 37 Ethics is known as the philosophy of what?
    

    1. AMorality
    2. BSociety
    3. CJustice
    4. DNone of the answers are correct.
38. 38_____refers to a study of how people try to live their lives according to a standard of “right” or “wrong” behavior.
    

    1. AMorality
    2. BEthics
    3. CVirtuosity
    4. DPhilosophy
39. 39All of the following are sources of individuals’ moral standards except:
    

    1. AFamily
    2. BReligion
    3. CGovernment
    4. DFriends
40. 40 Define morality
    

    1. AWhat is considered as correct within a society
    2. BMaking the right decisions when there is a chance to do wrong
    3. CDefining what is right and wrong for an individual or a community
    4. DWhere individuals have a conscious choice to make a right and ethical decision
41. 41The word "ethics" is derived from the Greek word:
    

    1. Aethos
    2. Bethies
    3. Cethees
    4. Dethise
42. 42Ethos means:
    

    1. Aconduct
    2. Bcustoms
    3. Ccharacter
    4. Dgood
43. 43The word mores means:
    

    1. Aconduct
    2. Bcustoms
    3. Ccharacter
    4. Dgood
44. 44Ethics is a ______ science.
    

    1. Apositive
    2. Bapplied
    3. Cnormative
    4. Dsystematic
45. 45 Ethics deals with the standard of:
    

    1. Abeauty
    2. Btruth
    3. Cgoodness
    4. Dfact
46. 46The applied dimension of Ethics is known as:
    

    1. Aapplied ethics
    2. Bnormative ethics
    3. Cmeta ethics
    4. Dnone of these
47. 47Ethics determines rightness or wrongness of __________
    
    

    1. Ahuman actions
    2. Bhuman thought
    3. Chuman judgements
    4. Dnone of these
48. 48. Lisa was a proud cultural relativist. She sees that Ilocanos are thrifty because of their geographical location. Likewise, she sees nothing wrong about it. What did Lisa exhibit in that situation?
    

    1. AShe believes anything goes in one’s own culture.
    2. BShe measures behavior by how the other culture regards this practice.
    3. CShe has no concept of right or wrong.
    4. DShe measures which cultures are related to others.
49. 49A group of people who deny/reject God’s existence
    

    1. AReligious
    2. BAtheists
    3. CTheists
    4. DUnbelievers
    5. EUnfaithful
50. 50 A known truth that requires no further proof of justifications.
    

    1. AObjective truth
    2. Babsolute truth
    3. CSelf-evidence truth
    4. DMoral truth
51. 51How might a theist view morality?
    

    1. AMoral laws are determined by God.
    2. BMoral laws are developed by human beings.
    3. CMoral laws are unhelpful.
    4. DNone of the answers are correct.
52. 52 In what way might a believer in divine command theory argue that belief in God is different than belief in a sea monster?
    

    1. AGod is more than just one individual object or creature. God is the nature of the universe.
    2. BGod's existence can be proven with physical evidence while there is no evidence of a sea monster.
    3. CBelief in God is actually no different than belief in a sea monster.
    4. DAll of the answers are correct.
53. 53What might a theist argue is a benefit of divine command theory?
    

    1. AThe origins of morality can be identified.
    2. BPeople will get what they deserve in the end - punishment or reward.
    3. CGod provides a good explanation for the existence of feelings of obligation.
    4. DAll of the answers are correct.
54. 54Which of the following would the ethical objectivist accept?
    

    1. AMorality is determined by the guiding ideals of a society.
    2. BMorality is determined by personal opinion.
    3. CThere are no moral truths at all.
    4. DNone of the above.
55. 55Which of the following would a cultural relativist accept?
    

    1. AMorality is determined by the guiding ideals of a society.
    2. BMorality is determined by personal opinion.
    3. CThere are no moral truths at all.
    4. DNone of the above.
56. 56Which of the following is not a version of moral skepticism?
    

    1. AMoral nihilism
    2. BEthical objectivism
    3. CEthical subjectivism
    4. DCultural relativism
57. 57Which of the following would a cultural relativist not accept?
    

    1. ADifferent societies have different moral codes.
    2. BIndividuals can be mistaken about what is morally required of them.
    3. CSome societies have better moral codes than others.
    4. DThere are no objective moral standards.
58. 58What does cultural relativism imply about iconoclasts who oppose the conventional moral wisdom of a society?
    

    1. AThey are always a source of moral progress.
    2. BThey are always morally mistaken.
    3. CThey can be morally correct but are often morally mistaken.
    4. DThey are impossible.
59. 59According to ethical subjectivism, what is the relationship between a thing being good and someone approving of it?
    

    1. AThe only reason people approve of things is because those things are good.
    2. BWhether something is good is independent of whether anyone approves of it.
    3. CGood people approve of good things, whereas bad people approve of bad things.
    4. DThings are good only because people approve of them.
60. 60If cultural relativism is true, what happens when the moral code of a society changes?
    

    1. ASuch changes always indicate moral progress.
    2. BSuch changes only rarely indicate moral progress.
    3. CSuch changes never indicate moral progress.
    4. DIt is impossible for a society's moral code to change, according to cultural relativism.
61. 61If I say, “The death penalty is immoral,” what does this mean, according to ethical subjectivism?
    

    1. AThe death penalty is objectively morally wrong.
    2. BMy society disapproves of the death penalty.
    3. CI disapprove of the death penalty.
    4. DThis claim is meaningless, according to ethical subjectivism.
62. 62What is an ideal observer?
    

    1. AA fair third party who negotiates disputes
    2. BAn improved version of oneself who is fully informed and perfectly rational
    3. CSomeone who comes to moral verdicts by using thought experiments
    4. DNone of the above
63. 63 According to the text, what is the most serious problem for ideal observer subjectivism?
    

    1. AIdeal observers would approve of things because they were good and not vice versa.
    2. BIt cannot account for moral disagreement.
    3. CIt makes moral progress impossible.
    4. DIt makes questioning one's own commitments pointless.
64. 64On the unmodified divine command theory, ethical wrongness
    

    1. Aconsists in being contrary to God's commands.
    2. Bis consistent with being contrary to God's commands.
    3. Cis extensionally identical to being contrary to God's commands.
    4. Dnone of the above.
65. 65 According to Adams, the gravest objection to the unmodified divine command theory is
    

    1. Aits initiatively implausibility.
    2. BGod could command cruelty for its own sake.
    3. CGod's commands are good amounts to saying God's commands are God's command.
    4. DGod cannot command us to obey his commands.
66. 66 Adams claims that the following is a possible response to the gravest objection to the unmodified divine command theory:
    

    1. Ait is logically impossible for God to make abhorrent commands.
    2. Bit would be wrong not to practice cruelty for its own sake, if God commanded it.
    3. Cboth a and b.
    4. Dneither a nor b.
67. 67According to this modified diving command theory,
    

    1. Aonly if God loves his human creatures does “being contrary to God's commands to act in a certain way” imply “it is wrong to act in this way.”
    2. Bonly if God is all-powerful does “being contrary to God's commands to act in a certain way” imply “it is wrong to act in this way.”
       only if God is all-powerful does “being contrary to God's commands to act in a certain way” imply “it is wrong to act in this way.”
    3. Conly if God hates evil does “being contrary to God's commands to act in a certain way” imply “it is wrong to act in this way.”
    4. Donly if God is the God of the Hebrew Bible does “being contrary to God's commands to act in a certain way” imply “it is wrong to act in this way.”
68. 68Adams claims that his concept of ethical wrongness would __________ if God commanded cruelty for its own sake.
    

    1. Abe meaningless
    2. Bbreak down
    3. Capply to God
    4. Dall of the above

Descripción

1 Ethics Test sobre Ethics Reviewer, creado por Jio Serrano el 19/06/2024.

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Jio Serrano

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