Test
General Physiology of the Nervous System Physiology PMU 2nd Year
Preguntas del test (62)
1The action potential of a nerve cell
- AResults from a large increase in membrane permeability to Na+ ions
- BCan summate with one another
- CMay vary considerably in amplitude
- DBecome larger as stimulus strength increase
- EFollow from a decrease in membrane permeability for K+ ions
2At neuromuscular junction:
- Athe muscle membrane possesses muscarinic receptors
- Bthe motor nerve endings secrete norepinerphrine
- Ccurare leads to prolongation of neuromuscular transmission
- Dthe motor nerve endings secrete acetylcholine
- Enone of the above
3The nervous system is compromised of:
- ANeurons
- BNeurotubules
- CNeurofibrils
- DAxons
- EDendrites
4The unique property of the neuron is:
- ACommunication
- BContraction
- CSecretion
- DEnergy production
- EExcitation
5Most axons are covered by a fatty sheath called:
- ANeurilema
- BThe nodes of Ranvier
- CMyelin
- DNeural adipose
- ESacrolema
6Receptors which respond in a stretch reflex are:
- ACarotid baroreceptors
- BFree nerve endings
- CRuffini's endings
- DOligodendrocytes
- EPacinan corpuscles
7Select the excitatory neurotransmitter:
- AGABA
- BDopamine
- CNorepinerphrine
- DGlycine
- ENone of them
8Laws of transmission in chemical synapses
- AOne way conduction
- BAmplitude coding of postsynaptic membrane
- CDelayed transmission
- DSummation
- EAll of the above
9Which are the most important EEG waves during wakefulness with opened eyes
- AGamma (γ)
- BAlpha (α)
- CBeta (β)
- DDelta (δ)
- EAlpha (α) and Delta (δ)
10The adrenergic receptors:
- AAlpha
- BMuscarinic
- CBeta
- DNicotinic
- EAlpha and Beta
11Which one of the following is characteristic of type A nerve fibers:
- ANociception
- BSlower conduction than C fibers
- CMyelinated
- DSubstance P
- ESensory only
12Electroencephalogram (EEG) registers the activity of the
- Areticular activating system
- Blimbic system
- Cthalamus
- Dcortex
- Ebrain stem
13Sensory neurons have:
- Aa short dendrite and a long axon
- Ba short dendrite and a short axon
- Ca long dendrite and a short axon
- Dalong dendrite and a long axon
- Etheir axons and dendrites may be either long or short
14The medulla oblongata helps regulate which of the following
- Abreathing
- Bheartbeat
- Csneezing
- Dvomiting
- Eall of the above
15What anatomical region of a multipolar neuron has the lowest threshold for generating an action potential?
- Asoma
- Bdendrites
- Caxon hillock
- Ddistal axon
- Eproximal axon
16What do the dorsal root ganglia contain?
- Acell bodies of somatic motor neurons
- Baxon terminal of somatic motor neurons
- Ccell bodies of autonomic motor neurons
- Daxon terminal of sensory neurons
- Ecell bodies of sensory neurons
17Prevertebral sympathetic ganglia are involved with the innervation of the
- Aabdominal organs
- Bthoracic organs
- Chead
- Dm. errector pili
- Eall of the above
18A reflex action:
- Ais initiated at sensory receptors
- Balways results in endocrine secretion
- Cinvolves transmission across at least two central nervous synapses in series
- Dis always inhibitory
- Eis independent of higher centres in the brain
19In skeletal muscle neuromuscular junctions:
- Athe motor end plate is the motor nerve terminal
- Bspontaneous (miniature) potentials may be recorded in the motor nerve terminal
- Cmotor nerve terminals have vesicles containing acetylcholine
- Dthere is a high concentration of curare
- Etransmission is facilitated by botulinum toxin
20Cerebrospinal fluid:
- Ais formed in the arachnoid granulations
- Bprovides the brain with most of its nutrition
- Cprotects the brain from injury when the head is moved
- Dhas a lower pressure than that in the cerebral venous sinuses
- Eflows around the adult brain and is around 5 litres per day
21An excitatory post-synaptic potential:
- Ais the depolarization of a post-synaptic nerve cell membrane that occurs when a presynaptic neurone is stimulated
- Binvolves reversal of polarity across the post-synaptic nerve cell membrane
- Cmay be recorded from a posterior root ganglion cell
- Dis propagated at the same rate as an action potential
- Eis caused by the electrical field induced by activity in the pre-synaptic nerve terminals
22The ascending reticular formation:
- Awhen stimulated tends to increase alertness
- Btransmits impulses to higher centres via a multisynaptic pathway
- Cis activated by collateral branches of sensory neurones
- Dneurones project to most parts of the cerebral cortex
- Eall of the above
23The cerebellum:
- Amodifies the discharge of spinal motor neurones
- Bis essential for finely coordinated movements
- Chas an afferent input from the motor cortex
- Dhas an afferent input from muscle proprioceptors
- Eall of the above
24During deep sleep there is a fall in:
- Ahand skin temperature
- Barterial pCO2
- Cblood growth hormone/cortisol ratio
- Dmetabolic rate
- EpH
25Sympathetic:
- Aganglionic transmission is mediated by acetylcholine
- Bneuromuscular transmission in the heart is mediated by acetylcholine
- Cneuromuscular transmission in hand skin arterioles is mediated by acetylcholine
- Dneuroglandular transmission in sweat! glands is mediated by noradrenaline
- Eneuromuscular transmission in the iris is mediated by acetylcholine
26The blood-brain barrier:
- Aslows equilibration of solutes between blood and brain tissue
- Bis more effective barrier for fat-soluble substances than water-soluble substances
- Cis more effective barrier in infants than in adult
- Dis more effective barrier far CO2 than for 02
- Epermits hydrogen ions to pass freely
27The electroencephalogram normally shows voltage waves:
- Awhose amplitude is related to intelligence
- Bof lower frequency during deep sleep than during alert wakefulness
- Cof smaller amplitude during deep sleep than during alert wakefulness
- Dof greater amplitude than those of the electrocardiogram
- Ewhich are bilaterally unsymmetrical
28Parasympathetic nerves:
- Ahave effects on intestinal smooth muscle opposite to sympathetic nerve
- Bhave no effect on lacrimation
- Ccause vasodilatation in skeletal muscle during prolonged exercise
- Dcause sweat secretion in skin when body temperature rises
- Ehave longer postganglionic than preganglionic fibres
29α (alpha) adrenoceptors:
- Aare located on myofilaments in smooth muscle cells
- Bare distinguishable from β (beta) receptors using electron microscopy
- Ccan be stimulated by both adrenaline and noradrenaline
- Dare involved in the vasodilation responses to adrenaline in skin
- Eare involved in heart rate responses to noradrenaline
30The α (alpha) rhythm of the electroencephalogram:
- Adisappears when the eyes are closed
- Bis an electrical potential with an amplitude around one millivolt
- Chas a frequency of 8-12 Hz
- Dhas a lower frequency than the δ (delta) rhythm
- Eindicates that the subject is sleeping
31The primary sensory ending of a muscle spindle is stimulated by:
- Ashortening of an antagonist muscle
- Brelaxation of the muscle concerned when under load
- Cstimulation of the gamma efferent fibres
- Dstriking the appropriate tendon with a tendon hammer
- Eall of the above
32In the spinal cord:
- Apain impulse traffic may be modulated in the posterior horn
- Bautonomic motor neurones arise in the lateral horn
- Cglycin acts as inhibitory neurotransmitter
- Dpost-synaptic excitation may be mediated by amino acid derivatives acting as neurotransmitters
- Eall of the above
33In the cerebral cortex
- Aneuronal connections are innate and immutable
- Blanguage and now-language skills are represented in the same hemisphere
- Cthe areas concerned with emotional behavior are concentrated in the lobes
- Dthe cortical area devoted to sensation in the hand is larger that for the trunk
- Estimulation of the motor cortex causes contractions of individual muscles on the opposite side of the body
34Generalized sympathetic activity is characterized by:
- Acontraction of the radial muscle in the iris
- Bincreased urinary excretion of catecholamines
- Clipolysis in adipose tissue
- Dincreased conduction rate in the atrio-ventricular bundle
- Eall of the above
35Acetylcholine:
- Aacts on the same type of receptor on postganglionic fibres in sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia
- Bacts on the different type of receptor on target organs at cholinergic sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve terminals
- Cacts on the same type of receptor at autonomic ganglia and at somatic neuromuscular junctions
- Dacts on alpha and beta receptors
- Ein blood is hydrolyzed by the same cholinesterase as is found at neuromuscular junctions
36An inhibitory post-synaptic potential:
- Amay be recorded in a post-ganglionic sympathetic neurone
- Bmay be recorded in an axon
- Cdoes not exceed one millivolt in amplitude
- Dmoves membrane potential towards the equilibrium potential for sodium
- Emay summate in space and time with other excitatory and inhibitory potentials in the same neurone
37A valley of impulses travelling in a pro-synaptic neurone causes:
- Aan identical volley in the post-synaptic neurone
- Bsummation of action potentials
- Can increase in the permeability of the pare-synaptic nerve terminals to calcium
- Dthe generation of at least one action potential in the post-synaptic neurone
- Eendocytosis of neurotransmitter
38Pain receptors are:
- Asimilar in structure to Pacinian corpuscles
- Bstimulated by a rise in the local K+ concentration
- Cquick to adapt to a constant stimulus
- Dmore easily stimulated in intact than in injured tissue
- Estimulated in the wall of the gut by agents which damage the tissues
39Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep differs from non-REM sleep in that:
- Athe EEG shows waves of higher frequency
- Bmuscle tone is higher
- Cheart rate and respiration are more regular
- Dsecretion of growth hormone is increased
- Enot possible
40Delta (δ) wave activity in the electroencephalogram:
- Ais low in frequency and amplitude
- Bsuggests that the patient is alert and concentrating
- Csuggests that the patient is with opened eyes
- Dis a feature of petit mal epilepsy
- Eis more common in children than in adults while they are awake
41Signs of brainstem death include:
- Aunconsciousness
- Bnormal pupillary reaction to light
- Closs of tendon jerks in the arms and legs
- Dloss of respiratory response to CO2 in the absence of hypoxia
- Enystagmus in response to cold water in the external auditory canal
42Atropine causes:
- Aparalysis of accommodation for near vision in the eye
- Bconstriction of the pupil
- Cconstriction of the bronchi
- Ddiarrhea
- Ebradycardia
43Aphasia:
- Ais an impairment of language skills without motor paralysis loss of hearing or vision
- Bdoes not mean unconsciousness
- Cis called motor aphasia if the patient understands what the speech sounds and symbols mean but lacks the higher motor skills needed to express them
- Dis called sensory aphasia if the patient does not understand the meaning of the words he hears, sees and uses
- Eall of the above
44Blockade of parasympathetic activity causes a reduction in:
- Asweat production
- Bresting heart rate
- Cthe strength of skeletal muscle contraction
- Dsalivation
- Eblood pressure
45Blockade of beta (β) adrenoceptors is likely to cause:
- Adisturbance in renal-angiotensin-aldosterone system
- Bworsening of the condition in patients with bronchial asthma
- Cworsening of the condition in patients in cardiac failure
- Dinability to increase heart rate during exercise in patients with transplanted hearts
- Eall of the above
46All of these characteristics belong to postsynaptic potentials, except for:
- Athey have constant magnitude
- Bthere are no refractory periods
- Csummation is possible
- Dtypically occur at the cell body of a neuron
- Ethey are decremental
47Compared with the Endocrine System, regulation of the body by the Nervous System provides:
- Arelatively slow but long-lasting responses to stimuli
- Bswift but brief responses to stimuli
- Cswift, long-lasting responses to stimuli
- Dantagonist hormone interactions
- Erelatively slow, short-lived responses to stimuli
48Which of these characteristics is not related to the Parasympathetic division of the ANS?
- Aurination
- Bdefecation
- Csalivation
- Dlacrimation
- Eposturation
49Which of the following has slowest conduction:
- AA alpha
- BA beta
- CA gamma
- DB fibres
- EC fibres
50A man falls into deep sleep with one arm under his head. After awakening the arm is paralyzed but tingling sensation and pain sensation persist. This loss of motor function without the loss of sensory function is due to:
- AA fibres are more susceptible to hypoxia that B fibers
- BA fibres are more sensitive to pressure than C fibers
- CC fibres are more sensitive to pressure than A fibers
- Dsensory nerves are nearer the bone and hence affected by pressure
- Eall of the above
51Saltatory conduction:
- Ais seen only in myelinated nerve fibres
- Bis slower that non saltatory conduction
- Cis not affected if a local anesthetic is applied to the nodes of Ranvie
- Dis seen only in sensory fibers
- Eis seen only in the cortex
52Myelin sheath is produced by:
- AAxoplasm
- BMitochondria
- CSchwann cell
- DMuscle cell
- EEndocrine cell
53Sleep is associated with:
- Aan alpha rhythm in the electroencephalogram
- Bincreased activity in the reticular activating system
- Ca beta rhythm in the EEG
- Da high level of vagal tone to the heart and grinding movements of the teeth
- Ea rise in central body temperature
54From childhood to old age:
- Athere is a steady decrease in total sleeping time per day
- Bdeep (stage 4) Sleep decreases as a percentage of total daily sleep
- Cbody water as a percentage of body mass decreases
- Dsleep becomes less aggregated into a single sleeping period
- Eall of the above
55The method by which the brain's electrical activity is registered from the scalp is called:
- Aelectroneurography (ENG)
- Belectroencephalography (EEG)
- Celectrocardiography (ECG)
- Delectromyography (EMG)
- Enuclear-magnetic resonance (NMR)
56The sympathetic preganglionic neurons of the ANS secrete:
- Adopamine
- BL-DOPA
- Cserotonin
- Dhistamine
- Eacetylcholine
57The adrenergic effect on the bronchial smooth muscle is:
- Aconstriction
- Brelaxation
- Csometimes constriction, sometimes relaxation
- Dof no effect
- Edose dependent - at low concentrations - constriction, at higher doses - relaxation
58reflexes are defined as somatic, visceral and mixed
- Aaccording to the location of the receptors
- Baccording to the type of the reflex arc
- Caccording to the effectors
- Daccording to the location of the interneurons
- Eaccording to formation
59The adrenal medulla is innervated by:
- Apreganglionic cholinergic neurons
- Bpostganglionic cholinergic neurons
- Cpreganglionic adrenergic neurons
- Dpostganglionic adrenergic neurons
- Epreganglionic dopaminergic neurons
60The increased tone of the parasympathetic division leads to:
- Acontraction of the pupils and bronchial smooth muscle fibers
- Bdilation of the pupils and relaxation of the bronchial smooth muscle fibers
- Ccontraction of the pupils and relaxation of the bronchial smooth muscle fibers
- Ddilation of the pupils and contraction of the bronchial smooth muscle fibers
- Enone of the above
61Excessive formation of a substance/ secretion in the body is controlled in order to maintain homeostasis by:
- A+ve feedback mechanism
- B-ve feedback mechanism
- Cosmosis
- Dhaemodynamics
- EUp-regulation
62The sympathetic response to stress includes:
- Aincreased blood pressure
- Bincreased glycogen breakdown in liver and muscles
- Cincreased glycogen synthesis in liver and muscles
- Dincreased blood clotting
- Ea, b, and d
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- General Physiology of the Nervous System Physiology PMU 2nd Year
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- Med Student
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