Test
Muscles
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Preguntas del test (88)
1Skeletal Muscles attach to the
- ACardiac muscle
- BMuscular system
- CSkeletal System
- DLigaments
2The muscular system includes only [blank_start]skeletal muscles[blank_end], and allows us to [blank_start]move[blank_end].
- Askeletal muscles
- Bmove
3The six functions of Skeletal Muscle are; produce [blank_start]skeletal movement,[blank_end] maintain [blank_start]body position[blank_end], maintain [blank_start]body temperature[blank_end], support [blank_start]soft tissues[blank_end], store [blank_start]nutrient reserves[blank_end], and guard [blank_start]openings[blank_end].
- Askeletal movement,
- Bbody position
- Cbody temperature
- Dsoft tissues
- Enutrient reserves
- Fopenings
4Skeletal muscle connective tissue is composed of three layers;
- AEpimysium
- BEndomysium
- CFascicles
- DPerimysium
5Epimysium is
- Asurrounds individual muscle cells, contains capillaries and nerve fibers contacting muscle cells, and contains myosatellite cells that repair damage
- Bexterior collagen layer, connected to deep fascia, separates muscle from surrounding tissues
- Csurrounds muscle fiber bundles (fascicles), contains blood vessel and nerve supply to fascicles
6Perimysium
- Asurrounds muscle fiber bundles (fascicles), contains blood vessel and nerve supply to fascicles
- Bexterior collagen layer, connected to deep fascia, separates muscle from surrounding tissues
- Csurrounds individual muscle cells (muscle fibers), contains capillaries and nerve fibers contacting muscle cells, contains myosatellite cells (stem cells) that repair damage
7Endomysium
- Aexterior collagen layer, connected to deep fascia, separates muscle from surrounding tissues
- Bsurrounds muscle fiber bundles (fascicles), contains blood vessel and nerve supply to fascicles
- Csurrounds individual muscle cells (muscle fibers), contains capillaries and nerve fibers contacting muscle cells, contains myosatellite cells (stem cells) that repair damage
8Skeletal muscle is surrounded by [blank_start]Epimysium[blank_end], and contains [blank_start]Muscle fascicles[blank_end].
- AMuscle fascicles
- BEpimysium
9Muscle Fascicle is surrounded by [blank_start]Perimysium[blank_end], and contains [blank_start]Muscle fibers[blank_end].
- APerimysium
- BMuscle fibers
10Muscle Fiber surrounded by [blank_start]Endomysium[blank_end], contains [blank_start]Myofibrils[blank_end].
- AEndomysium
- BMyofibrils
11Muscle attachments endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium come together at [blank_start]ends of muscles[blank_end], to form [blank_start]connective tissue attachment[blank_end] to bone matrix.
- Aends of muscles
- Bconnective tissue attachment
12Skeletal muscles are
- Avoluntary
- Binvoluntary
13Skeletal muscles are controlled by nerves of the [blank_start]central nervous system[blank_end], which include the [blank_start]brain[blank_end] and [blank_start]spinal cord[blank_end].
- Acentral nervous system
- Bbrain
- Cspinal cord
14Muscles have extensive vascular systems which supply large amounts of oxygen, supply nutrients, and carry away wastes.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
15[blank_start]Sarcolemma[blank_end] is the cell membrane of a muscle fiber.
- ASarcolemma
16[blank_start]Tranverse Tubules (T Tubules)[blank_end] transmit action potential through cell and allow entire muscle fiber to contract simutaneuosly.
- ATranverse Tubules (T Tubules)
17Release Ca2+ into Sarcomeres to begin muscle contraction and concentrate Ca2+ via ion pumps
- ATriad
- BCisternae
- CSarcolemma
- DTransverse Tubules
18Formed by one T-Tubule and two terminal cisternae
- ATriad
- BCisternae
- CSarcolemma
- DSarcoplasm
19[blank_start]Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)[blank_end] is a membraneous structure surrounding each myofibril that helps transmit action potential to myofibril.
- ASarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)
20Sarcoplasmic reticulum forms [blank_start]chambers attached to T Tubules.[blank_end]
- Achambers attached to T Tubules.
21Lengthwise subdivisions within muscle fibers, made up of bundles of protein filaments (myofilaments)
- AMyofibrils
- BMyofilaments
- CMuscle Fibers
- DT Tubules
22made up of bundles of protein filaments
- AMyofibrils
- BMyofilaments
- CEndomysium
- DEpimysium
23Thin filaments are made of the protein [blank_start]actin[blank_end].
- Aactin
24Thick filaments are made of the protein [blank_start]myosin[blank_end].
- Amyosin
25The contractile unit of muscle, structural units of myofibrils, form visible patterns within myofibrils
- ASarcomeres
- BSarcoplasma
- CMyofilaments
- DMuscle Striations
26Alternating dark, thick filaments
- AA bands
- BI bands
27light, thin filaments
- AI bands
- BA bands
28Muscle Contraction Is caused by interactions of [blank_start]thick and thin filaments[blank_end].
- Athick and thin filaments
29Structures of [blank_start]protein molecules[blank_end] determine interactions of [blank_start]thick and thin filaments[blank_end], which cause muscle contraction.
- Aprotein molecules
- Bthick and thin filaments
30This is released by Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and causes thin and thick filaments to interact?
- AProtein Enzyme
- BCa2+ (Calcium Ion)
- CAction Potential
- DMyosin
31the center of the A band, at midline of sarcomere?
- AZ lines
- BI band
- CM line
- DA band
32the centers of the I bands, at two ends of sarcomere?
- AM line
- BI bands
- CZ lines
- DA bands
33the area around the M line, has thick filaments but no thin filaments
- AA Bands
- BM Line
- CH Bands
- DZ Lines
34The densest, darkest area on a light micrograph is called the [blank_start]zone of overlap[blank_end].
- Azone of overlap
35Is two twisted rows of globular G-actin
- ATropomyosin
- BTroponin
- CF-actin (Filamentous Actin)
- DCisternae
36The active sites on G-actin strands bind to myosin.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
37Is a double strand that prevents actin–myosin interaction
- ATropomyosin
- BTroponin
- CF-actin (Filamentous actin)
- DSarcoplasma
38A globular protein that binds tropomyosin to G-actin and is Controlled by Ca2+
- ATropomyosin
- BTroponin
- CF-actin (Filamentous actin)
- DCisternae
39Thick filaments contain [blank_start]twisted myosin[blank_end] subunits.
- Atwisted myosin
40The [blank_start]head[blank_end] of the myosin molecule reaches the nearest thin filament, the [blank_start]tail[blank_end] of the myosin molecule binds to other myosin molecules.
- Ahead
- Btail
41The process of muscle contraction is initiated by a [blank_start]nerve impulse[blank_end], which is followed by the [blank_start]excitation-contraction coupling.[blank_end]
- Anerve impulse
- Bexcitation-contraction coupling.
42[blank_start]Neural stimulation[blank_end] of sarcolemma causes excitation–contraction coupling.
- ANeural stimulation
43[blank_start]Cisternae[blank_end] of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) release Ca2+ (Calcium Ion) which triggers interaction of [blank_start]thick and thin filaments.[blank_end]
- ACisternae
- Bthick and thin filaments.
44The [blank_start]neuromuscular junction[blank_end] is the location of neural stimulation.
- Aneuromuscular junction
45Action potential is the [blank_start]electrical signal[blank_end] from the nerve.
- Aelectrical signal
46Steps of Action Potential (in order)
- AArrival of an action potential at the synaptic terminal; Vesicles in synaptic terminal fuse with neuronal membrane & dump contents into synaptic cleft, Release of acetylcholine; ACh binding at the motor end plate, Sodium ions rush into the cell; Action potential spreads across surface of sarcolemma & Ache breaks down ACh
- BArrival of an action potential at the synaptic terminal; ACh binding at the motor end plate, Sodium ions rush into the cell; Action potential spreads across surface of sarcolemma & Ache breaks down ACh; ACh binding at the motor end plate, Sodium ions rush into the cell;Vesicles in synaptic terminal fuse with neuronal membrane & dump contents into synaptic cleft, Release of acetylcholine
- CVesicles in synaptic terminal fuse with neuronal membrane & dump contents into synaptic cleft, Release of acetylcholine; Action potential spreads across surface of sarcolemma & Ache breaks down ACh; ACh binding at the motor end plate, Sodium ions rush into the cell; ACh binding at the motor end plate, Sodium ions rush into the cell; Arrival of an action potential at the synaptic terminal;
- DAction potential spreads across surface of sarcolemma & Ache breaks down ACh; ACh binding at the motor end plate, Sodium ions rush into the cell; Action potential spreads across surface of sarcolemma & Ache breaks down ACh; Vesicles in synaptic terminal fuse with neuronal membrane & dump contents into synaptic cleft, Release of acetylcholine;
47[blank_start]Synaptic terminal[blank_end] releases neurotransmitter (acetylcholine or ACh).
- ASynaptic terminal
48This Neurotransmitter travels across the synaptic cleft, binds to membrane receptors on sarcolemma (motor end plate) and causes sodium-ion rush into sarcoplasm
- AACh, or Acetylcholine
- BAChE
- CActin
- DMyosin
49Action Potential is generated by increase in [blank_start]sodium ions[blank_end] in sarcolemma and leads to [blank_start]excitation–contraction coupling.[blank_end]
- Asodium ions
- Bexcitation–contraction coupling.
50Travels along the T tubules
- AAction Potential
- BACh, or Acetylcholine
- CElectrical signal from nerve
- DNeurotransmitter
51Travels along nerve axon
- ANeurotransmitter
- BAction potential
- CElectrical signal from nerve
- DACh, or Acetylcholine
52[blank_start]Action potential[blank_end] reaches a triad, releasing [blank_start]Ca2+ (calcium ion)[blank_end], triggering [blank_start]excitation–contraction coupling[blank_end].
.- AAction potential
- BCa2+ (calcium ion)
- Cexcitation–contraction coupling
53[blank_start]Sliding Filament Theory[blank_end] explains Skeletal Muscle Contraction.
- ASliding Filament Theory
54During contraction, myosin heads interact with [blank_start]actin filaments[blank_end], forming [blank_start]cross-bridges[blank_end].
- Aactin filaments
- Bcross-bridges
55Five Steps of the Contraction Cycle
- AFormation of cross-bridges; Pivoting of myosin heads; Reactivation of myosin; Exposure of active sites; Detachment of cross-bridges
- BDetachment of cross-bridges; Exposure of active sites; Pivoting of myosin heads; Reactivation of myosin; Formation of cross-bridges
- CExposure of active sites; Formation of cross-bridges; Pivoting of myosin heads; Detachment of cross-bridges; Reactivation of myosin
- DFormation of cross-bridges; Pivoting of myosin heads; Detachment of cross-bridges; Reactivation of myosin; Exposure of active sites
56 The first step of the Contraction Cycle is exposure of active sites.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
57Contraction duration depends on
- ADuration of neural stimulus
- BAvailability of ATP
- CReactivation of myosin
- DNumber of free calcium ions in sarcoplasm
58Rigor Mortis occurs when [blank_start]Ion pumps[blank_end] cease to function and [blank_start]Calcium[blank_end] builds up in the [blank_start]sarcoplasm[blank_end].
- AIon pumps
- BCalcium
- Csarcoplasm
59During relaxation [blank_start]Ca2+[blank_end] concentrations fall and [blank_start]Ca2+[blank_end] detaches from [blank_start]troponin[blank_end].
- ACa2+
- BCa2+
- Ctroponin
60A fixed muscular contraction after death is called Rigor Mortis.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
61Contraction is an [blank_start]active[blank_end] process.
- Aactive
62Skeletal muscle fibers shorten as [blank_start]thin filaments[blank_end] slide between [blank_start]thick filaments[blank_end]; Free Ca2+ in the [blank_start]sarcoplasm[blank_end] triggers contraction and [blank_start]Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)[blank_end] releases Ca2+ when a motor neuron stimulates the [blank_start]muscle fiber[blank_end] causing contraction.
- Athin filaments
- Bthick filaments
- Csarcoplasm
- DSarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)
- Emuscle fiber
63Skeletal muscle changes length, resulting in motion. (Type of muscle tension)
- AIsotonic Contraction
- BIsometric contraction
- Ceccentric contraction
- Dconcentric contraction
64Skeletal muscle develops tension, but is prevented from changing length.
- AIsotonic Contraction
- BIsometric Contraction
- CConcentric Contraction
- DEccentric Contraction
65If muscle tension > load (resistance), muscle shortens.
- Aconcentric contraction
- Beccentric contraction
- CIsotonic Contraction
- DIsometric contraction
66If muscle tension < load (resistance), muscle lengthens.
- Aeccentric contraction
- Bconcentric contraction
- CIsometric contraction
- DIsotonic contraction
67Muscles store enough energy and do not need to manufacture more ATP.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
68Cells produce ATP in two ways; [blank_start]Aerobic[blank_end] metabolism of fatty acids in the [blank_start]mitochondria[blank_end] and Anaerobic [blank_start]glycolysis[blank_end] in the [blank_start]cytoplasm[blank_end].
- AAerobic
- Bmitochondria
- Cglycolysis
- Dcytoplasm
69Aerobic metabolism
- AIs the primary energy source for peak muscular activity
- BBreaks down fatty acids
- CIs the primary energy source of resting muscles
- DBreaks down glucose from glycogen stored in skeletal muscles
70Anaerobic glycolysis
- AProduces 34 ATP molecules per glucose molecule
- BIs the primary energy source for peak muscular activity
- CIs the primary energy source of resting muscles
- DBreaks down glucose from glycogen stored in skeletal muscles
71Aerobic metabolism produces [blank_start]34 ATP molecules[blank_end] per glucose molecule.
- A34 ATP molecules
72Anaerobic glycolysis produces [blank_start]two ATP molecules[blank_end] per molecule of glucose.
- Atwo ATP molecules
73Sustained muscle contraction uses a lot of ATP energy.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
74Three Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers are; [blank_start]Fast fibers[blank_end], [blank_start]Slow fibers[blank_end], and [blank_start]Intermediate fibers[blank_end].
- AFast fibers
- BSlow fibers
- CIntermediate fibers
75Fast Fibers
- AAre slow to contract, slow to fatigue
- BContract very quickly
- CHave large diameter, large glycogen reserves, few mitochondria
- DHave strong contractions, fatigue quickly
76Slow Fibers
- AHave small diameter, more mitochondria
- BHave high oxygen supply
- CAre slow to contract, slow to fatigue
- DAre mid-sized
77Intermediate Fibers
- AAre mid-sized
- BHave low myoglobin
- CContain myoglobin (red pigment, binds oxygen)
- DHave more capillaries than fast fibers, slower to fatigue
78[blank_start]Intercalated Discs[blank_end] are specialized contact points between cardiocytes.
- AIntercalated Discs
79Cardiocytes, or cardiac muscle cells
- AAre large, Have no triads, single nucleus, no SR, are short, and aerobic
- BAre small, single nucleus, with triads, aerobic and have short, wide T tubules, have SR with no terminal cisternae
- CAre small, no nucleus, have SR with terminal cisternae, have triads, non-aerobic, short with wide T tubules
- DAre small, a single nucleus, aerobic, no triads, short with T tubules, have SR with no terminal cisternae
80Intercalated Discs
- AMaintain structure
- BConduct action potentials
- CEnhance molecular and electrical connections
- DActivate enzymes
81[blank_start]Intercalated Discs[blank_end] join cell membranes of adjacent cardiocytes.
- AIntercalated Discs
82Functions of intercalated discs
- AConduct action potentials
- BEnhance molecular and electrical connections
- CMaintain structure
- DProduce glucose
83Which of the following is smooth muscle
- ANonstriated
- BStriated
84Smooth Muscle in Body Systems forms [blank_start]around[blank_end] other tissues.
- Aaround
85Smooth Muscle In blood vessels
- AProduces movements
- BRegulates blood pressure and flow
- CForms sphincters
- DArrector pili muscles cause “goose bumps”
86Smooth Muscle in reproductive and glandular systems
- AProduces movements
- BForms sphincters
- CProduces contractions
- DArrector pili muscles cause “goose bumps”
87Smooth Muscle In digestive and urinary systems
- AProduces movements
- BForms sphincters
- CProduces contractions
- DArrector pili muscles cause “goose bumps”
88Smooth Muscle In integumentary system
- AArrector pili muscles cause “goose bumps”
- BProduces contractions
- CRegulates blood pressure and flow
- DForms sphincters
Información
- Descripción
- Anatomy & Physiology Test sobre Muscles, creado por Amanda Kemp el 11/04/2017.
- Autor
- Amanda Kemp
- Idioma
- English
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