Test
BSc Y2 Cognitive Psychology
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Preguntas del test (51)
1Cognitive psychology studies [blank_start]the way humans process information[blank_end], including internal processes such as [blank_start]perception, attention[blank_end], [blank_start]language and memory.[blank_end]
- Athe way humans process information
- Bperception, attention
- Clanguage and memory.
2The information-processing approach is serial and bottom up.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
3Bottom up is when processing is determined by the [blank_start]environmental stimuli[blank_end] rather than [blank_start]knowledge or expectations.[blank_end]
- Aenvironmental stimuli
- Bknowledge or expectations.
4[blank_start]Welford (1977)[blank_end] - reaction time shortens from [blank_start]infancy to late 20's[blank_end], increases slowly until the [blank_start]50's[blank_end] and then [blank_start]increases[blank_end] rapidly.
- AWelford (1977)
- Binfancy to late 20's
- C50's
- Dincreases
5[blank_start]Noble et al (1964)[blank_end] - in almost every age-group, [blank_start]males[blank_end] tend to respond faster than [blank_start]females[blank_end]
- ANoble et al (1964)
- Bmales
- Cfemales
6How many words to Adults know?
- A70,000
- B75,000
- C7,000
7Morphemes are [blank_start]linguistic units of meaning[blank_end] that cannot be divided into [blank_start]smaller meaningful parts.[blank_end]
- Alinguistic units of meaning
- Bsmaller meaningful parts.
8Syntax is the [blank_start]grammar[blank_end] of a language, the [blank_start]rules[blank_end] that we use to produce coherent sentences
- Agrammar
- Brules
9Phonemic Restoration Effect [blank_start](Warren & Warren, 1970)[blank_end] if a phoneme is masked they [blank_start]infer it using the context[blank_end] of the sentence.
- A(Warren & Warren, 1970)
- Binfer it using the context
10[blank_start]Uniqueness point[blank_end] - the point at which a listener can recognise the word without hearing the finished word.
- AUniqueness point
11Cohort Model [blank_start](Marslen-Wilson & Tyler, 1980)[blank_end] - when you hear a word, all the words with the first letters [blank_start]activate[blank_end] and then [blank_start]deactivate[blank_end] as you follow the sequential letters.
- A(Marslen-Wilson & Tyler, 1980)
- Bactivate
- Cdeactivate
12[blank_start]Reicher (1969)[blank_end] - word superiority effect: single letters are [blank_start]easier detected[blank_end] in the context of a real word.
- AReicher (1969)
- Beasier detected
13Interactive Activation Model [blank_start](McClelland & Rumelhart, 1981)[blank_end] - activation cascades from [blank_start]level to level[blank_end] over [blank_start]all available connections[blank_end] in the network.
- A(McClelland & Rumelhart, 1981)
- Blevel to level
- Call available connections
14semantic priming - exposure to [blank_start]meaningful information[blank_end] facilitates processing of [blank_start]semantically related information[blank_end]
- Ameaningful information
- Bsemantically related information
15the stages of long-term memory are; [blank_start]encoding[blank_end], [blank_start]storage[blank_end] and [blank_start]retrieval[blank_end].
- Aencoding
- Bstorage
- Cretrieval
16fMRI has good [blank_start]spatial resolution[blank_end] and poor [blank_start]temporal resolution[blank_end]
- Aspatial resolution
- Btemporal resolution
17EEG has [blank_start]poor[blank_end] spatial resolution and [blank_start]good[blank_end] temporal resolution
- Apoor
- Bgood
18Kapur et al [blank_start](1994)[blank_end] a deep encoding task (living/non-living) facilitated [blank_start]better recognition memory (75%)[blank_end] than a shallow encoding task [blank_start](57%)[blank_end]
- A(1994)
- Bbetter recognition memory (75%)
- C(57%)
19[blank_start]basal ganglia[blank_end] is more active for procedural task [blank_start]vs direct task[blank_end], whereas [blank_start]medial temporal lobe[blank_end] is more active for [blank_start]direct task vs[blank_end] the procedural task
- Abasal ganglia
- Bvs direct task
- Cmedial temporal lobe
- Ddirect task vs
20[blank_start]episodic memory[blank_end] = the ability to extremely rapidly form durable conscious memories of personal experiences.
- Aepisodic memory
21[blank_start]chromesthesia[blank_end] - hypothetical brain/mind ability or capacity acquired by humans through evolution, that allows them to be constantly aware of the past and the future.
- Achromesthesia
22[blank_start]Wheeler et al[blank_end] (2000) - successfully remembering visual memories activates the visual association cortex, but remembering auditory memories activates the auditory cortex.
- AWheeler et al
23the [blank_start]hippocampus[blank_end] is thought to bind more low-level features and item memories into highly differentiated unique [blank_start]episodic memories[blank_end]
- Ahippocampus
- Bepisodic memories
24[blank_start]Garry and Loftus (1996)[blank_end] - imagining different events [blank_start]increased[blank_end] participants' confidence that they had occurred.
- AGarry and Loftus (1996)
- Bincreased
25[blank_start]Schachter and Colleagues (2011)[blank_end] - remembering true memories is often associated with more [blank_start]perceptual processing[blank_end] than false memories.
- ASchachter and Colleagues (2011)
- Bperceptual processing
26Long running debate over whether vision is innate ([blank_start]Descartes[blank_end]) or learned ([blank_start]Berkeley[blank_end])
- ADescartes
- BBerkeley
27Gibson's (1966) theory of [blank_start]direct perception[blank_end] - visual experience stems from [blank_start]perceiving wholistic properties[blank_end] that cannot be inferred from looking at the component parts.
- Adirect perception
- Bperceiving wholistic properties
28What are the assumptions of the Constructivist Approach of vision (U. Neisser, 1928-2012)
- Acognition consists of an orderly series of stages of mental events that actively reconstruct the retinal input
- Bthe detection of perceptual invariants such as optic flow and texture relies on complex mental processes
- CCognition can occur randomly, it does not have to follow a set order of stages
29[blank_start]Newton (1672)[blank_end] - discovered that light can be split into many colours. Different colours arise from different parts of the [blank_start]electromagnetic spectrum.[blank_end]
- ANewton (1672)
- Belectromagnetic spectrum.
30the human retina has over [blank_start]7 million cones[blank_end], and [blank_start]125 million[blank_end] rods.
- A7 million cones
- B125 million
31Gestalt psychologists state that the process of grouping provides a way of [blank_start]combining visual elements[blank_end] into [blank_start]larger, more meaningful units.[blank_end]
- Acombining visual elements
- Blarger, more meaningful units.
32Lissauer (1890) - [blank_start]apperceptive agnosia[blank_end] is when patients are unable to properly assemble the individual attributes of objects.
- Aapperceptive agnosia
33[blank_start]Plant et al (2015)[blank_end] - patient AS could use shape information to pick up objects but was unable to recognise them.
- APlant et al (2015)
34Lissauer (1890) - [blank_start]associative agnosia[blank_end] is when patients can properly form object structure; but are unable to access stored knowledge about this.
- Aassociative agnosia
35Lhermitte & Beauvois (1973) - [blank_start]optic aphasia[blank_end] is when patients can apprehend objects structure and show semantic knowledge through mine and use, but they [blank_start]cannot name the object[blank_end]
- Aoptic aphasia
- Bcannot name the object
36[blank_start]Selfridge (1959)[blank_end] to recognise an object we look [blank_start]for critical features[blank_end] that are unique to that object
- ASelfridge (1959)
- Bfor critical features
37[blank_start]Marr and Nishihara (1978)[blank_end] - objects are recognised through the various lengths and arrangements of the generalised cones, which is made from its [blank_start]main axis[blank_end] information.
- AMarr and Nishihara (1978)
- Bmain axis
38Geon Theory [blank_start](Biederman, 1987)[blank_end] - there are other object properties that remain invariant across viewpoints; [blank_start]cylinders, spheres[blank_end] and other basic shapes.
- A(Biederman, 1987)
- Bcylinders, spheres
39neuropsychological evidence suggests that object recognition occurs at [blank_start]two[blank_end] distinct stages; [blank_start]perceptual and semantic[blank_end]
- Atwo
- Bperceptual and semantic
40[blank_start]Yin (1969)[blank_end] - the face inversion effect occurs because the inversion of a face disrupts its familiar configure cues while leaving the identities of its features untouched.
- AYin (1969)
41Ishai, Alumit et al (1999) - [blank_start]fusiform gyrus[blank_end] seems to 'light up' when faces are viewed.
- Afusiform gyrus
42pure prosopagnosia - patients are [blank_start]poor[blank_end] at recognising faces but relatively [blank_start]normal[blank_end] at recognising objects. Shown in Patient R.C. [blank_start](Wilkinson et al, 2009).[blank_end]
- Apoor
- Bnormal
- C(Wilkinson et al, 2009).
43[blank_start]pure object agnosia[blank_end] - patients are poor at recognising objects but relatively normal at recognising faces. Shown in Patient C.K. [blank_start](Moscovitch et al, 1999)[blank_end]
- Apure object agnosia
- B(Moscovitch et al, 1999)
44[blank_start]Diamond and Carey (1986)[blank_end] - the inversion effect found for human faces can also be found in animals, provided that the subject are [blank_start]experts[blank_end] at recognising that kind of animal
- ADiamond and Carey (1986)
- Bexperts
45[blank_start]Gauthier et al (1999)[blank_end] - decisions about objects for which we have developed expertise also activate the [blank_start]fusiform gyrus[blank_end] which was thought to be [blank_start]specialised for faces.[blank_end]
- AGauthier et al (1999)
- Bfusiform gyrus
- Cspecialised for faces.
46[blank_start]William James (1890)[blank_end] - 'everyone knows what attention is', we all have attention and are basically aware of what it is.
- AWilliam James (1890)
47[blank_start]harold Pashler (1998)[blank_end] - 'no-one knows what attention is'. It is difficult to define and [blank_start]subjective.[blank_end]
- Aharold Pashler (1998)
- Bsubjective.
48[blank_start]posner (1978)[blank_end] - spotlight theory of attention. attention can only focus on [blank_start]one region[blank_end] at a time. Attentional shifts occur either voluntary or involuntary.
- Aposner (1978)
- Bone region
49Eriksen & St James (1986) - zoom-lens theory states that [blank_start]smaller attentional aperture[blank_end] allows us to pick out greater detail whereas a [blank_start]wider aperture[blank_end] allows more information to be assimilated at a [blank_start]lower spatial resolution.[blank_end]
- Asmaller attentional aperture
- Bwider aperture
- Clower spatial resolution.
50[blank_start]pre-attention[blank_end]; some types of information can be processed without [blank_start]focal attention[blank_end].
- Apre-attention
- Bfocal attention
51[blank_start]morris, ohman & dolan[blank_end] (1988) - brain areas associated with fear and happiness are [blank_start]strongly activated[blank_end] when faces showing such emotion are presented [blank_start]sub-threshold[blank_end]
- Amorris, ohman & dolan
- Bstrongly activated
- Csub-threshold
Información
- Descripción
- BSc Y2 Cognitive Psychology Key Definitions
- Autor
- Francesca Barrett
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 71
- Etiquetas
- Valoración
- Aún sin valoraciones Valora este test