Test
Chapter 3 - part 1: The Anatomy of the Nervous System
Preguntas del test (62)
1Which cells in the nervous system do most of the work of receiving, integrating, and transmitting information?
- Aneurons
- Bglial cells
- Caxons
- Ddendrites
2Which of the following is the most accurate description of the structure and function of all neurons in your central nervous system?
- AAll neurons contain a cell body and an axon, and may have other structures.
- BAll neurons receive information via one or more dendrites and send information via one or more axons.
- CAll neurons synapse onto another neuron in order to transmit an electrical signal.
- DAll neurons receive and send information.
3Which of the following is NOT one of the main functions of neurons?
- Aintegrating information
- Bgenerating information
- Ctransmitting information
- Dreceiving information
4What are three basic components of most neurons?
- Avesicles, terminal buttons, synapses
- Bmyelin, nodes, axon terminals
- Ccell body, axon, dendrites
- Dhindbrain, midbrain, forebrain
5Which neuronal structures are analogous to branches on a tree?
- Adendrites
- Baxons
- Cnuclei
- Dcell bodies
6On a typical neuron, which structure receives neurochemical information, and which structure sends
neurochemical information to other neurons?- ADendrites receive; axons send.
- BAxons send; synapses receive.
- CDendrites receive; synapses send.
- DAxons receive; dendrites send.
7In computers, the keyboard is the component of the computer that receives information. What would the
keyboard be equivalent to, in comparing a computer to a neuron?- Aaxon
- Bsoma
- Cdendrite
- Dterminal button
8Emma has a disorder that includes degeneration of myelin sheaths in her nervous system. Which of the following disorders does Emma most likely have?
- AAlzheimer’s disease
- Bmultiple sclerosis
- CBroca’s aphasia
- DParkinson’s disease
9Which of the following is associated with the fastest neural impulses?
- Aunmyelinated dendrites
- Bmyelinated axons
- Cshorter axons
- Dmultiple dendrites
10When you want to print something from a computer, a cable carries this signal from the computer to the printer.
In comparing a computer and printer to two neurons, what is the neuronal equivalent to the cable?- Asynapse
- Bsoma
- Cterminal button
- Daxon
11When you are printing something from your computer, your cable must be securely connected to the printer or
else the signal won’t get through. If you compared a computer and printer to two neurons, what is the neuronal
equivalent of the connection between the cable and the printer?- Asynapse
- Bsoma
- Cterminal button
- Daxon
12Which part of the neuron secretes neurotransmitters?
- Aneuromodulators
- Bdendrites
- Cmyelin sheaths
- Dterminal buttons
13Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures through which information flows in a neuron?
- Adendrites to axon to soma
- Baxon to glia to dendrites
- Cglia to dendrites to axon
- Ddendrites to soma to axon
14What are the cells that provide structural support and insulation for neurons?
- Asynapses
- Bsheaths
- Cglia
- Dsoma
15What is the primary role of glial cells?
- AThey form the primary components of the spinal cord.
- BThey provide support for neurons.
- CThey release neurotransmitters.
- DThey release neuromodulators.
16What would happen if you were to lose all of your glial cells?
- AThere would be no change in functioning, because neurons are the cells that are important for transmission of information within the nervous system.
- BOne hemisphere could not send information to the other hemisphere.
- CYour neurons would no longer have a normal chemical environment, and there would be problems with efficient neurotransmission.
- DYou would no longer be able to send neurotransmitters from one cell to another.
17Which of the following is a characteristic of both sodium and potassium ions?
- AThey carry a negative charge.
- BThey are concentrated inside the neuron’s cell body.
- CThey carry a positive charge.
- DThey are capable of changing their potentials.
18What do we call the tiny electrical charge that exists when a neuron is neither receiving nor sending information?
- Aresting potential
- Baction potential
- Cpost-synaptic potential
- Dinhibitory potential
19When a neuron is neither receiving nor sending, what is the approximate voltage of the electrical charge that
exists between the inside and the outside of a neuron?- A–700 millivolts
- B–70 millivolts
- C+70 millivolts
- D+700 millivolts
20Bradley is deeply relaxed and many of his muscles are not moving at all. What does this suggest about many of
Bradley’s motor neurons?- AThey have a voltage of +70 millivolts.
- BThey have a voltage of –70 millivolts.
- CThey are in a relative refractory period.
- DThey are in an absolute refractory period.
21When the sodium channels of a neuron open, allowing sodium ions to flow inside, which of the following is most
likely to happen next?- Aa resting potential
- Ban action potential
- Ca refractory period
- Dreuptake
22What is an action potential?
- Aan electrical signal that travels along the axon of a neuron
- Bthe small gap that exists between adjacent neurons
- Cthe tiny electrical charge that exists when a neuron is neither receiving nor sending information
- Dthe release of neurotransmitters
23Tracey became dehydrated during a recent illness, and the levels of sodium in her body were significantly
reduced. What would we expect to occur if enough sodium was lost?- AHer nervous system would become highly activated, and action potentials would be generated
continuously. - BMore neurotransmitters would be produced in her terminal buttons.
- CFewer action potentials would occur in her nervous system.
- DGlial cells would start to degenerate and die.
- AHer nervous system would become highly activated, and action potentials would be generated
24A neuron just sent a neural impulse. It will be one to two milliseconds before another neural impulse can be
generated. What do we call this brief time increment, when another neural impulse cannot occur?- Aresting potential
- Babsolute refractory period
- Cpostsynaptic discharge
- Dall-or-none period
25What is the term for the minimum length of time between action potentials?
- Arelative threshold period
- Btransduction interval
- Cabsolute refractory period
- Dsynaptic interval
26Which of the following is known about action potentials?
- AThey travel more slowly if the incoming stimulation is less intense.
- BThey are stronger when the incoming stimulation is more intense.
- CThey are generated in an all-or-none fashion.
- DThey are seldom strong enough to reach the terminal buttons.
27What is the typical speed of an action potential?
- Aat least 600 kilometres/hour
- Bup to 300 kilometres/hour
- Capproximately the speed of light (300,000 kilometres/second)
- Dapproximately the speed of sound (1236 kilometres/hour)
28Sara is holding Scott’s hand during a scary movie. Suddenly she squeezes his hand very hard. When she does
this, what will the nerves in Scott’s hand do?- Arelease more GABA
- Bsend larger action potentials to his central nervous system
- Center an absolute refractory period
- Dstart to fire at a faster rate
29Fiona puts her hands into a bucket of lukewarm water; Luke puts his hands into a bucket of ice-cold water.
What should we predict about each of their action potentials?- AOnly Fiona will experience enough stimulation to trigger an action potential.
- BLuke will have inhibitory action potentials.
- CTheir action potentials will differ in rate, due to differences in the intensity of the stimuli.
- DTheir action potentials will differ in size, due to differences in the intensity of the stimuli.
30Peggy smells a very strong odour; Harry smells an odour that is barely detectable. Based on what is known
about neural transmission, what should we predict about each of their action potentials?- AThey will be the same size but at different rates.
- BPeggy’s will be excitatory, and Harry’s will be inhibitory.
- CThey will be weaker in Harry’s system because the stimulus is less intense.
- DThey will be distinguished by the amount of inhibition they exert on synapses.
31What do we call the space between a terminal button and a dendrite?
- Athe transmission gap
- Bthe midsynaptic potential range
- Cthe synaptic cleft
- Dthe neuromodulator
32Where are neurotransmitters stored?
- Ain the dendrites
- Bin the mitochondria
- Cin the axon
- Din the synaptic vesicles
33What do synaptic vesicles do?
- AThey fuse with the postsynaptic cell.
- BThey store neurotransmitters.
- CThey block receptors.
- DThey manufacture myelin.
34What happens when a neurotransmitter is released from a presynaptic neuron, but it does not fit into a suitable
receptor channel on the postsynaptic neuron?- AThe firing potential of the postsynaptic neuron will not be affected.
- BAn inhibitory postsynaptic potential will be generated.
- CA graded potential will be generated.
- DThe presynaptic neuron will be inhibited.
35What is a good analogy for the way in which a neurotransmitter binds to receptor sites?
- Athe lowering of a drawbridge
- Ba key fitting in a lock
- Cthe pulling of a gun trigger
- Dthe opening and closing of a window
36What type of electric potential increases the likelihood that the postsynaptic neuron will fire?
- Aall-or-none potential
- Bexcitatory postsynaptic potential
- Cinhibitory postsynaptic potential
- Da resting potential
37The voltage at a receptor site has just changed from –70 millivolts to –75 millivolts. What caused the change?
- Aexcitatory postsynaptic potential
- Binflux of potassium ions
- Cinflux of sodium ions
- Dinhibitory postsynaptic potential
38The voltage at a receptor site has just changed from –70 millivolts to –67 millivolts. What will this lead to?
- Aan absolute refractory period
- Bincreased likelihood of an action potential
- Cdecreased likelihood of an action potential
- Da relative refractory period
39What do we call the process of absorption of neurotransmitters into the presynaptic neuron?
- Areuptake
- Bneurotransmission
- Cgraded potential
- Dinhibition
40Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps through which neurotransmitters progress during synaptic
transmission?- Abinding, synthesis, release, inactivation, reuptake
- Bsynthesis, release, binding, inactivation, reuptake
- Csynthesis, binding, release, reuptake, inactivation
- Drelease, synthesis, binding, reuptake, inactivation
41If a brain has several synapses that are not particularly active, those synapses may be eliminated. What is this process called?
- Asynaptic pruning
- Binhibition
- Cnatural selection
- Dlong-term potentiation
42At what age do humans tend to have the largest number of synapses?
- Aat birth
- Bat 1 year
- Cat puberty
- Dafter physical growth has ended in early adulthood
43According to the Hebbian Learning Rule, if an axon of Cell A is near enough to repeatedly stimulate Cell B (causing it to fire often), then what will happen to Cell B?
- ACell B will eventually stop responding to Cell A.
- BCell B will merge with Cell A.
- CCell B will be pruned because it is redundant with Cell A.
- DCell B will become more likely to fire in response to signals from Cell A.
44Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily involved in the activation of motor neurons controlling skeletal muscles?
- AGABA
- Bacetylcholine
- Cserotonin
- Dnorepinephrine
45Jeremy is sitting quietly when the voluntary muscles in his left leg begin to twitch. Which neurotransmitter is likely being released?
- Aserotonin
- Bnorepinephrine
- Cacetylcholine
- DGABA
46When your text states that nicotine functions as an acetylcholine agonist, what does that mean?
- AIt interacts with acetylcholine to produce a novel effect.
- BIt occupies acetylcholine receptor sites, thus blocking the action of the neurotransmitter.
- CIt stimulates some acetylcholine synapses.
- DIt inhibits some acetylcholine release.
47What does an agonist do?
- AIt extends the absolute refractory period of neural transmission.
- BIt blocks the action of neurotransmitters.
- CIt mimics the action of a neurotransmitter.
- DIt prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters.
48Curare blocks the action of acetylcholine by occupying its receptor sites. In this context, what is curare?
- Aa neurotransmitter
- Ban agonist
- Ca neuromodulator
- Dan antagonist
49Dr. Jacoby has just discovered a new drug named Z2W that is an antagonist to acetylcholine. What are some likely side effects of this new drug?
- Ahallucinations and disrupted sleep patterns
- Bgeneral stimulation within the body and an increase in heart rate
- Csleepiness and loss of interest in activities
- Dmotor and memory problems
50Dr. Ferracane has just discovered a new drug named GL8 that produces side effects such as paralysis and memory loss. Based on this information, how might this drug act on the nervous system?
- Aas an agonist for GABA
- Bas an antagonist for GABA
- Cas an antagonist for acetylcholine
- Das an agonist for acetylcholine
51What seems to be a primary cause of Parkinson’s disease?
- Adegeneration of neurons that use dopamine as a neurotransmitter
- Bdegeneration of myelin sheaths
- Cantagonistic effects on acetylcholine receptors
- Ddamage to glial cells
52Garrett has a chronic disease that is slowly destroying the cells that produce serotonin in his brain. Which of the following will likely happen to Garrett as his disease progresses?
- AHis memory will gradually worsen.
- BHe will start to show signs of Parkinson’s disease.
- CHis sleep and mood will be disrupted.
- DHe will begin to experience symptoms of schizophrenia.
53Which of the following disorders is associated with reduced activity at norepinephrine and serotonin receptors?
- Adepression
- Bschizophrenia
- CParkinson’s disease
- Dmultiple sclerosis
54Julia is currently in the midst of a major depression. Which of the following patterns of neurotransmitter activity is most likely to be associated with her symptoms?
- Areduced levels of GABA
- Bincreased activity at serotonin synapses
- Cincreased levels of dopamine
- Dreduced activity at norepinephrine synapses
55Stuart abuses a drug that is a dopamine agonist. Which of the following is Stuart most likely to experience when he is high?
- Adeep relaxation
- Bhallucinations
- Ctemporary paralysis
- Dexcessive anxiety
56Caitlin has taken a drug that has reduced the levels of GABA in her nervous system. What side effect is Caitlin likely to experience?
- Amotor tics and other involuntary motor movements
- Bincreased levels of anxiety
- Cdepression
- Dhallucinations
57Dr. Athorp has just discovered a new drug named P3X that is an agonist for GABA. What effects will this drug likely have?
- Ahallucinations and disrupted sleep patterns
- Bgeneral stimulation within the body and an increase in heart rate
- Ca reduction in pain and a sense of euphoria
- Danxiety reduction and general relaxation
58Which of the following neurotransmitters always has inhibitory effects?
- AGABA
- Bglutamate
- Cacetylcholine
- Dnorepinephrine
59Which of the following neurotransmitters has effects on learning and memory, and on long-term potentiation?
- AGABA
- Bglutamate
- Cacetylcholine
- Dnorepinephrine
60Opiate drugs bind onto the same receptor sites as the body’s own endorphins. What effect, then, do opiate
drugs have?- AThey increase anxiety and agitation.
- BThey inhibit visual sensations.
- CThey produce insomnia.
- DThey relieve pain.
61Which of the following neurotransmitters is most similar to the drug heroin?
- Aacetylcholine
- Bdopamine
- Cendorphins
- Dserotonin
62If you were making a new drug to treat pain, which type of neurotransmitter would you attempt to mimic?
- Adopamine
- Bmonoamines
- Cacetylcholine
- Dendorphins
Información
- Descripción
- Psychology Test sobre Chapter 3 - part 1: The Anatomy of the Nervous System, creado por Vincent Voltaire el 07/02/2020.
- Autor
- Vincent Voltaire
- Idioma
- English
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