Test
Developmental Psychology
Preguntas del test (54)
1A strong advantage of the longitudinal design is
- Athat informed consent is not necessary.
- Bits ability to discern amongst cohorts.
- Cthat it follows development of individuals.
- Dthat it protects from selective attrition.
2The long-term stability of children’s temperament is most properly studied
- Aexperimentally.
- Bcross-sectionally.
- Clongitudinally
- Dspeculatively
3Which of these is NOT among the five measurements that make up the APGAR test for neonates?
- Amuscle tone
- Bheart rate
- Creflex irritability
- Dattention span
4In recent decades, the age of viability has advanced earlier in the period of the fetus because of
- Athe increasing rate of single parenthood
- Bthe perfusion of toxic chemicals in food and water
- Cbetter maternal nutrition
- Dadvances in medical technology
5Reasoning by verbal analogy: MATERNITY BLUES are to POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION as __________ is to __________.
- APRIMATE / HUMAN
- BPOSITIVE / NEGATIVE
- CFATHER / MOTHER
- DMILD / INTENSE
6When adults interpret emotions displayed by babies in their first months of life, they
- Aare unreliable and inaccurate
- Bdo better with negative emotions than with positive
- Cdo better with positive emotions than with negative
- Dare highly accurate regardless of the type of emotion
7"Social referencing" refers to the child's ability to
- Acategorise people or animals as good or bad
- Buse the reactions of others to interpret an ambiguous stimulus or situation
- Chide one's own true inner feelings
- Dunderstand that others' feelings differ from your own
8Which of these is NOT among the several methods for studying infants’ sensation / perception?
- Ahabituation / dishabituation
- Bhigh-amplitude sucking
- Cdeferred imitation
- Devoked potentials
9Sandra’s mum has no time to look into a mirror. Which flaws is 6-month-old Sandra LEAST likely to notice?
- Avery smudged eye shadow
- Ba big bruise on mum’s nose
- Ca piece of pasta hanging off mum’s chin
- Da crow’s nest in mum’s hair
10As little Benny masters object permanence, which behaviour represents the most advanced understanding?
- Apassively waiting for an object to reappear
- Banticipating invisible displacements
- Cmaking an A-not-B error
- Dlooking at another toy as the first one disappears from view
11Cernunnos's dad is upset and cries. Cernunnos gives his teddy to dad to hold, and tells dad he will feel better if he hugs that teddy. According to Piaget, Cernunnos is showing
- Aegocentrism
- Bdecentered emotionality
- Csympathetic empathetic concern
- Danimism
12Reasoning by verbal analogy, Piaget’s view is to Vygotsky’s view as ________ is __________ to .
- Aegocentrism / other’s viewpoint
- Badolescence / childhood
- Cflexibility / rigidity
- Dsolitary / social
13For Vygotsky, private speech is
- Ameaningless babbling
- Bentirely silent and cannot be heard by others
- Cpassive reporting on thoughts after they have happened
- Dself-talk that helps children to plan their thoughts
14A basic definition of imitation is
- Adoing an action after seeing it done
- Brepeating an action after getting reinforcement
- Cvarying a response to achieve reinforcement
- Drepeating an action
15Generalised imitation, a higher-order skill investigated by researchers in Bangor and other behaviour analysts, denotes an
- Aability to copy actions
- Bability to copy a variety of actions
- Cability to copy a variety of novel actions
- Dability to copy a variety of novel actions without external reinforcement
16A toddler is able to name many objects and events. He hears a familiar word /cat/. This makes him
- Alook to find a cat
- Btry to pet the cat
- Cneither look or try to pet but may echo the word ‘cat’
- Dboth look and and try to pet – and he may echo the word ‘cat’
17The set of emotions that are closely tied to cognitive development, particularly self-recognition and an understanding of social norms is
- Ainterest, distress, disgust, and contentment
- Banger, surprise, fear, and sadness
- Cembarrassment, shame, guilt, and pride
- Djoy, happiness, frustration, and boredom
18Bellona is 8 months old. She turns away and starts crying when a stranger approaches her pram in the supermarket. This reaction would
- Abe unusual in a child at that age
- Bbe evidence that Belinda was insecurely attached
- Cbe considered a typical response to a stranger for a child of that age (but not necessarily a universal response)
- Dsimply indicate that Belinda is tired or hungry
19Emotional attachments between parent and child
- Aare the result of cultural effects of parenting in the Western countries
- Bslowly rise from social interactions in the first months
- Cemerge suddenly at birth, to the strongest level
- Dresult from both persons' shared genetic relationship
20Mary Ainsworth's (1978) "Strange Situation”
- Aidentifies the child's level of visual imagination
- Bprovides training for the transition into foster care
- Cmeasures the child's interest in novel unfamiliar items
- Dassesses the child's attachment style
21The two common fears of infancy, separation anxiety and stranger anxiety, reflect the baby's preference for
- Aeasy temperament
- Bfamiliarity
- Csocial referencing
- Dlearned helplessness
22Training to improve the sensitivity of parents to their child’s needs
- Ais doomed to fail because caregiving is genetically predetermined
- Bworks and promotes secure attachment
- Cis directed mainly to upper income parents
- Dyields temporary gains that are lost within weeks
23Sam, age five, turns away from the TV that shows a report of an earthquake, where people are hurt. Sam is likely to be feeling
- Aself-oriented distress
- Bsympathetic empathetic arousal
- Ca hostile attribution bias
- Dlearned helplessness
24Finnish school-based KiVa programme does NOT contain
- Aan online game training emotion recognition
- Bclassroom activities that teach children to be helpful bystanders
- Cpsychological counseling to make bullied children less vulnerable
- Dparental educational materials
25Bangor-made Food Dudes programmes are effective interventions that increase consumption of fruit and veg. They are usually delivered by
- Aparents
- Bresearchers
- Cchildren
- Dteachers
26A researcher reports that boys show more physical aggression than girls in free play. She is able to demonstrate consistency of results across time, situations, and observers. Therefore, her findings are:
- AReliable
- BProven
- CValid
- DNone of the above
27A researcher measures play behaviour of a few children over a long period of time, in daily structured play sessions. Possible problems?
- AChildren will get bored with this and underperform
- BResults will be insufficient to draw valid conclusions
- CResults may not generalise to other children
- DAll of the answers
28A researcher reported that 3-year-old children have longer attention span than 2-year-old children, as they remembered more pictures shown in a test. She used a cross-sectional design, and tested 25 children in each group.
- AData are not valid or reliable
- BData are not generalisible to other 2- and 3-year-olds
- CData cannot tell us about the development of individual children
- DAll of the answers
29You show preschool children Manyard the Cat. Then, in front of them, you place a dog mask on the cat’s face.
You ask the children, does he bark or meow? They will say- Ameow
- Bbark
- Ccan do either as he chooses
- Dneither
30Genetic epistemology, Piaget's academic specialty, could be defined as the study of the:
- Achild's social relations with others such as peers
- Binheritance of developmental disability
- Cinheritance of behavioral habits
- Ddevelopment of knowledge
31In Piaget's theory, balance between the child's thoughts and the environment is called:
- Atertiary circular reaction
- Bphylogenetic scaffolding
- Cearly constructivism
- Dcognitive equilibrium
32Which of these is NOT among Piaget's four cognitive developmental stages?
- AFormal operations stage
- BPreoperational stage
- CProximal zone stage
- DSensorimotor stage
33Object permanence refers to the understanding that:
- Adurable toys are preferred over those that break soon
- Bexistence continues even when something is out of sight
- Cinanimate objects have the ability to "hide" actively
- Dlost objects will always be located later
34Three-year-old Bethan gets scared when her mum dresses up in a dinosaur costume on Halloween. This child shows:
- Aa phylogenetic development
- Bassimilation and accommodation
- Clack of object (person) permanence
- Dmisunderstanding of the appearance/reality distinction
35Four-year-old Britney mistakes her neighbour's new pet rabbit for a kitten. Britney's error illustrates the Piagetian process of:
- Aanimism
- Bassimilation
- Caccommodation
- Dtertiary circular reaction
36Suppose we asked children to make drawings of all the life forms that might occur on another planet. According to Piaget, the most novel, creative ideas of life forms are likely to come from children at the:
- Asensorimotor stage of cognitive development.
- Bpreoperational stage of cognitive development.
- Cconcrete-operational stage of development.
- Dformal-operational stage of development.
37Neith is 4 ½ years old. She often talks out loud even when other people are not listening. This habit (according to Piaget) is:
- Aunusual for boys but common for girls
- Bunusual for girls but common for boys
- Cfairly common in all children her age but of no significance for her cognitive development
- Dfairly common in all children her age and helpful to her cognitive development.
38A toddler is most likely to remember:
- AA very unusual event, such as seeing a flying balloon in the park or an elephant in the zoo
- BA very typical event, such as having breakfast with mum
- COnly the events that are highly emotionally significant.
- DNothing at all – we do not remember until we are about 3-4 years of age
39If he were alive today, Vygotsky would identify the calculator you have on your phone as a(n):
- Adevice for inner experimentation
- Btool of intellectual adaptation
- Czone of proximal development
- Delectronic scaffold
40Which statement is LEAST applicable to Vygotsky's theory?
- ACooperative interactions with skilled tutors are helpful
- BVariations in cultural influences are acknowledged
- CDevelopmental universals are sought and identified
- DScaffolding assists the child with difficult tasks
41In the mirror self-recognition test, the parent covertly places a red spot on 1-year-old Gareth’s face. The child is then presented with a mirror. What is he most likely to do?
- ADeliberately ignore the red spot
- BStare at the red spot
- CTouch their nose / wipe the red spot
- DInteract with the mirror (kissing or touching it)
42When do you think most children start to learn their native language?
- AWhen they are about 12 month old
- BWhen they are about 6 months old
- CSoon after birth
- DBefore they are born
43Which type of parenting produces the happiest, best-adjusted children?
- AAuthoritative (high D/C and high A/R)
- BAuthoritarian (high D/C and low A/R)
- CPermissive (Low D/C and high A/R)
- DUninvolved (Low D/C and Low A/R)
4415-years old Mary is more likely than most of her peers to show poor self-control, poor academic performance, and to use illegal drugs. Her parents may have used:
- AAuthoritative parenting style
- BPermissive parenting style
- CUninvolved parenting style
- DEither permissive or uninvolved
45Aphrodite is 3 years old. When her brother Jack was born, she started throwing tantrums, wetting herself, and trying to hurt Jack. This behaviour is:
- AThe outcome of Aphrodite’s parents’ permissive style.
- BThe outcome of Aphrodite’s difficult temperament.
- CAphrodite has both permissive parents and a difficult temperament
- DNormal
46Girls are more likely than boys to show which kind of aggression?
- AHostile
- BInstrumental
- CRelational
- DBullying
47Dave hits Chuck while their mum is not looking and as Chuck gets distracted, Dave grabs his toy. This is an instance of which kind of aggression?
- AHostile
- BInstrumental
- CRelational
- DBullying
48Young infants prefer __________________ .
- Agood deeds and actors
- Baggression
- Cbullying
- DNegative emotions
49Which of the following is NOT an elementary mental function?
- ASensation
- BBelief in religion
- Cmemory
- Dattention
50What is scaffolding according to Vygotsky?
- AThe prevalent model of tutoring in western societies and schools
- BThe informal tuition of cultural-relevant practices, common to non-industrialised societies
- CWhen a mature social partner responds contingently to the child's behaviour
- DNone of the answers given
51Which one of the following is not a critique for Piaget's pre-operational stage?
- AChildren are not always egocentric
- BAnimalism also depends on context - novel objects that move are deemed animate not others
- CConservation tasks are solved after training
- Dchildren struggle with appearance/reality distinction
52For parents, especially the mother, is there a sensitive period for emotional bonding in first 6-12 hours after birth?
- AYes – this is crucial for the full acceptance of a new baby.
- BNo, there is no such thing as sensitive period.
- CIt may be helpful but it is not necessary.
- DIt may be helpful not to see the baby immediately, until mother is properly rested and hormones return to normal.
53Childhood attachments – processes and timeline of formation of close emotional relationships – are mainly the result of…
- ABiological predisposition and maturation
- BEarly operant learning in social situations
- CCognitive development
- DThere is no set answer, but the majority of developmental psychologists believe it is a combination of them all.
54Which of the following is NOT one of the five kinds of linguistic knowledge?
- APhonology
- BMorphology
- CSyntax
- DCosmology
Información
- Descripción
- Degree Psychology Test sobre Developmental Psychology, creado por Ben Armstrong el 26/04/2017.
- Autor
- Ben Armstrong
- Idioma
- English
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