Resource methodology

Research Methodology

• Reliability -
• refers to the consistency of measurement
• Validity -
• Refers to measurement that accurately reflects what is intended to be measured

Ethical behaviour

• Respect
• Plan questions that are worded carefully so that they are not too personal and do not cause distress
• Be aware of physical, emotional and social wellbeing of participants so that no risks are involved, make sure that you have voluntary participation and informed consent. An individual must be made aware of the nature of study and what is being involved
• Integrity
• Professional integrity is important in a research. A researcher must be honest and truthful becuase they are accountable for undertaking and presenting research without bias or distortion, if bias occurs it should be mentioned and interpreted with an analysis of data
• Being certain that the entire research is thorough, reliable and valid also contribute to its integrity. For example, if a student runs out of time to hand out and collect questionnaires and instead uses fake participants names and answers, they are not only being dishnoest but failing their data and undermining intergrity.
• Privacy
• Asking for permission prior to carrying out any primary research or recording any data using equipment such as digital video camera or a smart phone
• ensuring that data and opinions are not disclosed to others, processing raw data so that collective information is included in reports
• carefully storing data during the research process and then shredding data prior to the disposal
• Bias
• Bias can occur by choosing a sampling method that does not reflect the age, gender or culture of the population
• recording data that supports your hypothesis rather than being objective. For example, omiting the document behaviours or actions during an observation, subjectively choosing some data results to interpret and analyse

Types of data

• Primary data - data that is collected first hand by the researcher; the information that is obtained directky by observing behaviour or asking people questions through interviews and quesrionnaires
• Secondary data - data that has been gathered and recorded by someone else; for instance informtaionn that has been acquired from internet, videos, database, reference, textbooks and pamphlets
• Qualitative data
• Subjective data that comes from research that collects facts and information regarding people's beliefs, feelings, attiudes and opinions within the area.
• Advantages
• Subjective data can provide words and images to help us understand more about 'why' or 'how' situated questions and providing examples to fill in details.
• Common research methods
• Observations
• Interviews
• Focus groups
• Case studies
• Quantitative data
• Objective data that come from research that collects facts in numerical data, that can be used to analyse using counting, measuring and graphing
• Advantages
• Objective data can provide a good outlibe of 'what' is happening in a situation. This is more objective and reliable in the subject to being less bias than a qualitative research
• Common research methods
• Questionnnaires
• Surveys
• Experiments

Sources of data

• Individuals and groups
• Individuals and groups can provide data that is current and in real time. Individuals may include your teacher, family members, friends, neighbours and specialists in particular areas.
• Print and digital
• Both print and digital sources can add length and detail to the research process that may not be possible if their data had to be personally sourced by the researcher. Print sources include, books, journals, magazines and newspapers.
• Digital sources include, radio, webcats, podcasts and computer programs. Search engines are software programs that help users find information stored on a personal computer, it also retrieves a list of documents, sites and images that are key for being sited for.
• Sample size
• Samplpe size refers to the number of participants that are selected for the research study. The nature of your research proposal has to indicate what is appropriate, and a suitale sample size for an IRP project ranging for 20-30 people.
• When choosing a sample method group it is necessary that it suits the prpose of the research project, the resources avaliable and questions that may be asked and any limitation that you may have or what method hsa been selected

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