Fichas
Human and the Environment (Unit 2)
Fichas del conjunto (43)
- 1What does the graphing acronym U.S.T.A.T. acronym?Units, scale, type of graph, axis labels, title
- 2What is the dependent variable?The responding variable; what is measured or counted to see effects of independent variables
- 3What is the independent variable?The manipulated variable; intentionally, changed to see outcome
- 4Define biodiversity.variety of life in an area
- 5How is biodiversity measured?Through species richness (# of species in an are), and Simpson's Biodiversity Index (# of species)
- 6What is the importance of biodiversity to humans?beauty, medicine, food/products
- 7What is the importance of biodiversity to nature?interdependence, stability
- 8List the five major threats to biodiversity.altered habitats, demand for wildlife species, species introduction, pollution, climate change
- 9What are altered habitats? Examples?Habitat destruction (damming rivers, clearing forests, urban development), & habitat fragmentation (roads, farms, ski areas)
- 10What are demands for wildlife species? Examples?Overuse and illegal harvesting/hunting of animals (elephants killed for ivory, tropical birds smuggled as pets, shark fins for soup)
- 11What is species introduction? Examples?Foreign, harmful invasive species (reed canary grass as erosion control, Chinese mitten crab introduced to California by ships' ballast water)
- 12What is pollution? Examples?Contaminants in air, water, and land (acidic rain, air/water pollution)
- 13What is climate change? Examples?Warming temperatures and extreme weather events that cause harm (melting ice, coral bleaching, disrupted migration)
- 14What are some threats to the frogs (from the movie)?Roads; invasive trout preying on frogs; Chytrid fungus that attacks skin of frogs; parasites called ryberobia, causing deformities; fertilizers/birth control/pesticide runoff
- 15Define extinct. Give examples of extinct animals.no more living members of a species; (passenger pigeon and dodo bird from over-hunting/deforestation)
- 16Define endangered. Give examples of endangered animals.A species in danger of extinction; (Catalina Island Fox from diseased introduced from dogs/Willamette Daisy from prairie habitat loss)
- 17Define threatened. Give examples of threatened animals.likely to become endangered soon; (Northern Spotted Owl from habitat loss & Coho Salmon from over-fishing)
- 18What are some ways to protect biodiversity?Establish protected areas, captive breeding/tagging, better controls on hunting/poaching
- 19What is a watershed?An area that stores and moves water, draining to a common point
- 20What happens to the water cycle when an area is urbanized?Groundwater decreases, runoff increases
- 21What is an ecosystem service? What are some examples?Value (to humans) naturally provided by ecosystems (oxygen producers extract CO2, lumber/growing crops makes food and other resources, cleaning water removes pollution)
- 22What is a species?Organisms that can breed/produce re-productively viable offspring
- 23What is a population?A group of organisms of a single species that live in a given area
- 24What are the 4 characteristics of populations?Geographic range, population density, growth rate, age/sex ratios
- 25What is geographic range?An area a population takes up
- 26What is population density?How closely they live together
- 27What is growth rate?How much the overall population grows
- 28What are age/sex ratios?Can tell us if a population is in trouble if it is very old/has too many males, leading to a low birth rate
- 29What is exponential growth?Reproducing at a constant rate, with unlimited resources (J-curve)
- 30What is logistic growth?As resources become limited, growth slows (S-curve)
- 31What is carrying capacity?The largest number of organisms a certain environment can support
- 32What is a population crash?When there is a dramatic loss of population
- 33What is a density-dependent factor? Examples?Only affects population when dense; (competition for food, crowded nesting sites, disease, predation)
- 34What is a density-independent factor? Examples?Affects all population whether dense or not; (natural disasters, human disturbances)
- 35What is weather?Short-term conditions, a few days
- 36What is climate?Long-terms conditions, usually measured in decades
- 37What is the greenhouse effect?When solar energy from the sun enters the atmosphere and hits the surface of earth. Some reflect back out into space while some greenhouse gases are trapped as heat in the atmosphere
- 38How does the greenhouse effect lead to global warming?Thicker atmosphere leads to more trapped heat, which leads to global warming
- 39What are the three greenhouse gases?CO2, CH4, N20
- 40What are the sources of each greenhouse gas?CO2 - burning oil, gas, coal, wood
CH4 - from landfill and cow belching
N20 - from fertilizers and animal manure - 41What is the albedo affect?The measure of reflectivity off of the earth's surface
- 42How does the albedo effect create a positive feedback loop for melting arctic ice?Ice is melting, that lowers albedo, which absorbs more heat and melts more ice and so on and so forth
- 43List some effects of climate change.Increased severity of tropical storms, ocean acidification, animal migrations, plant blooming times, spread of disease, water sources shrinking