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Module 19
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- 1KEY POWER SYSTEM TERMS - INPUT VOLTAGES(AMPERE/VOLTAGE/DC/AC)?AMPERE
- referred to as Amp
- is the base unit of electric current
- measures rate of flow per second(can think of this as how much power)
VOLTAGE
- referred to as volts
- the measure of 'work' required to push an electric charge between two points (referred to as pressure as well).
- 120V is the standard amount of power delivered to your home
- measured in a cyclical value
- Watts = Amps times(X) Volts(e.g. 0.5A X 120V = 60W)
TYPES OF CURRENT:
- Direct current(DC, 1 consistent voltage all the time) & Alternating current(AC, type of power that you receive to your home from the power station as it travels better. Can alternate the voltage and even the direction of current)
- electronic devices that we use typically tend to use direct current, but at a much lower voltage than what is delivered by AC. So we can get the AC to our home, then use something to convert that AC into DC because its a much lower value - 2KEY POWER SYSTEM TERMS(POWER SUPPLY UNIT(PSU)?POWER SUPPLY UNIT(PSU)
- converts alternating current to low-voltage direct current
- low-voltage direct current used for internal components
- may have a power supply voltage switch
- is a voltage variance in what is delivered. Canada/US receive 110 to 120V at 60Hz whereas Europe receives 220 to 230V at 50Hz. These two are not compatible, so the voltage switch at the back(red switch), allows you to set it for either one - 3EXPLAIN OUTPUT VOLTAGES?12 VOLT OUTPUT:
- powers the most demanding components(CPU, drives, graphics cards, cooling fans)
- +12 volt rail(within the power supply, you may find multiple + 12V rails(think of rails as separate independent power generators within the overall unit)
- -12V rails(may see negative 12V rail, + vs - is perspective to the electrical ground
- Likely to have an ATX12V standard connector(four-pin/P4 connector - connects to a specific place on the motherboard to directly power something like the CPU and graphics card. Is an independent dedicated connection so guaranteed to get that voltage all the time)
5 VOLT OUTPUT:
- uses a larger connector physically(24 pins)
- Is for power integrated circuits, older CPUs, and logic devices(so supplies power to multiple components at a much lower voltage
- may still see multiple rails(+5V, -5V, or +5V SB(standby) rails) on the power supply. Stand by is for any component in the system that has standby power.
- May find there are 12V only power supplies, but can usually convert to 5V on the motherboard itself. make sure the system is able to convert - 4EXPLAIN THE 24-PIN MOTHERBOARD ADAPTER?24-PIN MOTHERBOARD ADAPTER:
- referred to as ATX 24-pin/standard motherboard power connector
- has uniquely shaped pins(one direction plugin)
- provides more power than the older 20-pin connector
- may find a detachable 4-pin connector on some models on the end of one side(was for backward compatibility if the power supply was a bit newer but the motherboard was older)
KEY FEATURES of WIRING CONFIGURATION:
- 8 ground pins(black)
- 4 +3.3 VDC(orange)
- 5 +5 VDC(red)
- 1 +5 VDC standby(purple)
- 1 -5 VDC(white)
- two +5 VDC(yellow)
- one -12 VDC(blue)
- one to indicate the power supply on(green)
- one to indicate the power was good(grey)
- for troubleshooting, you could get a voltage meter and test each of those wires to make sure you are getting the correct output - 5EXPLAIN WATTAGE RATING?VALUES YOU NEED FOR WATTAGE RATING:
- wattage = volts x amps
- need to know peak output rating(don't exceed so you get a stable power supply to component)
- every power supply has a maximum wattage output
- Primary voltage rails of +3.3V, +5V, and +12V.
- so need to be mindful of the voltage along with the amps that are being delivered to ensure that you do not exceed the maximum wattage output
+12 VOLT RAILS:
- the crucial voltage rails as components(CPU etc) all draw 12V so need to ensure it's being delivered correctly
- need sufficient power to the 12V rails
- normally multiple 12V rails
-ensure the total amps from all rails does not exceed the total output of the power supply
- consider the maximum combined amperage = wattage divided by voltage - 6NUMBER OF DEVICES TO BE POWERED?GUIDELINES FOR POWER SIZING:
- too large a power supply may not be necessary(costly, no additional benefit if not expanding system)
- physical size considerations(depends on computer case size)
- if building a new system or replacing the power supply, need to calculate the total wattage required
- special attention must be given to video adapters as may be very demanding in power consumption
- want to prevent power supply overload(analyze worst-case scenario, rule of thumb, 50% excess capacity is certainly fine
- total power of one rail these days is usually 1200/1500
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- Learning Technology Specialist (Core 1) CompTIA A+ Fichas sobre Module 19, creado por Chantelle Knight el 16/09/2021.
- Creado por
- Chantelle Knight
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