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psychology flahcards Non verbal comunication
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- 1non verbal communication. what is non verbal communication?non verbal communication is communication that does not require the use of words or vocal sounds, it is communication through things such as facial expression.
- 2what is verbal communication?verbal communication is communication that requires the use of words or vocal sounds e.g. talking to someone or simply making a disapproving grunting noise.
- 3what is meant by the term 'paralinguistic'?spoken communication that does not involve words this is concerned with how words are spoken. volume tone of words, the speed, the intonation and emphasis.
- 4what is meant by the term 'emphasis'?Giving prominence to some words more then others.
- 5what is meant by the term 'tone of voice'?the way words are spoken to convey emotion.
- 6what is meant by the term 'intonation'?intonation in the voice when speaking (the way words are said) the pitch of words.
- 7Davitz and Davitz (1961)Aim of the study: To see effect of paralinguistic on the assessment of emotion.
Method of the study: Participants were asked to listen to tape recordings of the same message delivered in different ways they were asked to assess the speakers emotion from the paralinguistic cues: tone of voice, emphasis and intonation.
the results of the study: there was very high level of accuracy in recognising these emotions: affection, amusement, disgust and fear.
the conclusion stated that: paralinguistic's has a great importance when judging emotion. - 8Argyle, Alkema and Gilmour (1971)Aim of the study: To see if tone of voice has any effect when interpreting a verbal message. they wanted to see how important tone of voice might be.
method of the study: participants were allocated to one of four different conditions:
con1: friendly message spoken in friendly tone.
con2: hostel message spoken in hostel tone.
con3: friendly message spoken in hostel tone.
con4: hostel message spoken in friendly tone.
results of the study: when participants were asked to interpret the messages, it was found that tone of voice had about five times the effect of the verbal message itself. - 9evaluation of Argyle, Alkema and Gilmour (1971)strengths:
lab experiment- controls extraneous variables- high in validity.
independent measures design- won't get bored or try guess the aim of the study.
weakness:
not true to real life- low in ecological validity- lab experiment will be low in eco validity.
lab experiment- high in demand characteristics- participants will try to guess the aim to please the researcher.
independent measures design- time consuming.
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- flash cards of non verbal communication
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