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Chapter 7
Fichas del conjunto (59)
- 1When combating computer crime, what do logical methods do?Restrict access to the material on the the computer using computer-based mehtods
- 2What are some examples of logical methods to prevent computer crime?-usernames and passwords
-access rights
-user groups
-screensaver passwords
-firewalls
-anti-virus software - 3What is a user ID?-a unique identifier for the user, identifying who the user is to the system
-can be allocated to groups
-can also restrict the user form only logging onto certain machines or at certain times
-can also be used to log what the user is doing - 4What is a password?-A method of restricting access
-unless you know the password you cannot perform tasks
-when used with used ID, authenticates who the user is - 5What are some forms of authentication?textual: passwords
biometric: fingerprint/voice/retina - 6How do access rights work?Different users/groups will have different powers on computer material
e.g. some groups may only be able to read files, while other groups have edit or delete access - 7What controls might be used on passwords to make them harder for people to find out?-using a minimum number of characters
-using a combination of numbers and letters
-not using a word in the dictionary
-changing passwords regularly
-restricting the number of attempts
-making the password impersonal - 8Explain the term auditing?-A method of looking over logs
-logs can be created for events that occur on the network : users logging in, applications run, websites visited, emails sent etc
-A log can be used to build up a user profile - 9What is a firewall?-A hardware and/or software gate between two networks or between a system and a network the filters the data transferred based on security policies.
-used on computers that connect to the internet to prevent unauthorised access to the system or network the computer is part of - 10What is the purpose of encryption?-To prevent anyone who has the data being able to understand it without the appropriate key
- 11What is encryption?-The process of taking plain text and applying an algorithm to it to turn it into encrypted text
-Only someone with a key should be able to convert the encrypted back into plain text - 12What is a computer that is not connected to any other computer said to be?stand-alone
- 13What are two or more computers connected together?a network
- 14What are the advantages of networking?-peripherals (printers/scanners) can be shared, reducing costs
-Data can be shared, files can be available from a central source. Allows several people to work on the same document
-The resources used by individuals can be monitored and logged
-Backup and virus checks can be controlled from a central location
-Users can communicate with email systems - 15What are the disadvantages of networking?-All the services a network provides become unavailable if the network fails without adequate contingency in place
-If one workstation has a virus, the network can cause it to spread
-A busy network may effect what the user can do - 16What is a professional body?-A formal group that is set up to oversee a particular area of industry
- 17Why might networking be an advantage to management but not employees?Management can see what the users are doing and if they are working by monitoring employees . However employees may not want everything they do monitored
- 18What roles and benefits to professional bodies offer:-Promotes education and training (liaises with universities to make sure they provide the skills required in an industry)
-Sets standards for the employees within the industry
-Provides examinations
-Provides publications and discussion papers so members can keep up to date
-Holds conferences
-Provides input into legislation and the industry - 19What are the advantages, for a network manager, of joining a professional body?-career recognition( accredited qualification the present and future employees recognise)
-networking (meet with specialists in different areas)
-knowledge and best practise (access to the latest industry news) - 20What are the disadvantages, for a network manager, of joining a professional body?-you will need to follow their code of conduct
-there is a cost to joining a professional body and maintaining the subscription - 21What are three health problems related to working in ICT?-Carpal tunnel syndrome (pressure on the median nerve in the wrist)
-Repetitive strain injury (chronic pain experienced in the arms, shoulder or back)
-Eye strain (hazy vision, tired eyes) - 22What are the causes and prevention of Carpal tunnel syndrome?-Caused by repeated wrist movements such as typing
-Prevented by avoiding the repetitive actions and frequent breaks between actions - 23What are the causes and prevention of Repetitive strain injury?-Caused by repetitive actions, poor posture while working and maintaining a fixed forced position
-Prevented by keyboard rests, foot stools, adjustable chairs and frequent breaks form continuous activity - 24What are the causes and prevention of eye strain?-Caused by looking at a monitor for long periods of time and dehydration of the eyes
-Prevented by the intake of fluids and frequent breaks - 25What are three safety problems related to working in ICT?-Trailing wires (wires from computers trailing from desks and along floors)
-Electric shock (Water and electricity can cause an electric shock/Touching bare wires)
-Food and drink ( Liquids can cause shorting and lead to fire) - 26How can the safety hazard of trailing wires be prevented?Cable management systems to cover wires
- 27How the safety hazard of electric shock be prevented?-no drinking near computers
-no liquids near computers
-all wires to be frequently checked and prepared - 28How can the safety hazard of food and drink be prevented?no eating and drinking near computers
- 29What are the advantages of the use of ICT systems?-computers can perform the same actions over and over again very quickly and reliably
-computers can search large volumes of data very quickly
-computers can perform tasks that are impossible or dangerous to humans - 30What are the disadvantages of the use of ICT systems?-hardware is developing at a phenomenal pace so the same amount of money will purchase twice the speed or storage it did two years previously
-software and hardware limits what can be done
-more and more bandwidth is demanded - 31How has ICT changed society?-internet shopping (24 hours a day)
-computers help people with hearing a sight disabilities
-easier to she medical research
-electronic registers in schools
-accessing work from home
-internet access offers a wide range of information - 32What are the benefits of The regulation of investigatory Powers Act?-companies can monitor what employees do
-ensures facilities are being used for legitimate purposes
-limits employees ability to share company secrets - 33What are the problems of The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act?-monitoring may be seen as a breach of trust
-also concerns about how much an organisation can monitor communication - 34What is the purpose of The Electronic Communications Act?to create a legal frame work so that people can be sure about the origin and integrity of communications
- 35What are the two main parts of the Electronic Communications Act?-Cryptography (allows government to set up a register of 'approves cryptography suppliers')
-Facilitation of electronic commerce, data storage (recognises digital signatures as admissible in law) - 36What are the benefits of the Electronic Communications Act?-contract signed over the internet have the same legality as those signed by hand
-increased security for e-commerce
-the e-commerce contracts have legal backing - 37What are the problems of the Electronic Communications Act?-there is still legalisation to remove many of the laws that prevent digital signatures being accepted (buying and selling houses/wills)
-there will always be a security risk - 38What is the Freedom of Information Act?allows anyone to be able to find out information on any topic from any public authority
- 39What are the benefits of the Freedom of Information Act?-increased information available to the general public
-increases the accountability for companies - 40What are the problems of the Freedom of Information Act?-you can request any information, but some information may be withheld to protect various interests
-information requested under the wrong Act will delay the information being received
-the public authority does not have t confirm or deny existence of the information requested - 41What are the methods for combating computer crime?logical methods
physical methods - 42When combating computer crime what do physical methods do?prevent a person from gaining access to a computer in person
- 43What are the physical methods that can be used to stop computer crime?-security guards at the door and giving employees a pass to be checked
-An automatic door that responds to a pass
-keeping the computers in locked rooms
-security cameras
-finger print scanning
-alarms - 44what are six main rights under the Data Protection Act?-Right to subject access
-Right to prevent processing likely to cause damage or distress
-Right to prevent processing for the purpose of direct marketing
-Rights in relation to automated decision making
-Right to compensation if damage and distress is suffered by the Act being contravened
-Right to rectify, block or erase incorrect data - 45Explain what is meant by the Right to subject access:you are allowed to see what information is being held on by a company
this involves contacting the data controller and can take time - 46What is meant by the Right to prevent processing for the purpose of direct marketing?-direct marketing is mail sent to you advertising goods and services
-you can request that it be stopped - 47What are reasons for exemption from the Data Protection Act?-national security
-crime and taxation (you cannot see your records)
-health, education and social work (may cause harm)
-domestic purposes (data held on your own computer) - 48What are the three principles of the Data Protection Act that must be followed?-Personal data shall be processed fairly and lawfully
-Personal data shall be accurate and, where necessary, kept up to date
-Personal data shall be processed in accordance with the rights of data subjects under this Act - 49What is the purpose of the Computer Misuse Act?to protect data held by companies from hackers
- 50What are the four main provisions of the Computer Misuse Act?-Unauthorised access to computer material (entering a computer system without permission)
-Unauthorised access with intent to commit or facilitate the commission of further offenses (entering and transmitting illegal material)
-Unauthorised acts with intent to impair, or with recklessness as to impairing, operation of a computer (changing content)
-Making, supplying or obtaining articles for use in computer misuse offences (modifying original code) - 51What are benefits of the Computer Misuse Act?allows companies a legal resource if their security has been compromised
- 52What are the problems of the Computer Misuse Act?-there has to be intent
-difficult to identify a culprit
-only reinforced once the crime has been committed - 53What is the purpose of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act?to make it illegal to steal or create unauthorised copies of software (and books, CDs and music)
- 54What are the benefits of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act?-allows those who invest time and money in creating the actual software to reap the rewards in terms of royalties
- 55What are the problems of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act?-you don't buy the software only a license to use it, licenses vary, and can be difficult to understand the terms in which it has been purchased
- 56What is the purpose of The Regulation of investigatory Powers Act?-makes it a criminal offence to monitor communications without lawful authority
- 57Why may organisations want to monitor and record communications?- to make sure regulations are being up held
-in the interests of national security
-to detect or investigate unauthorised use of telecommunications systems - 58Under what circumstances may an organisation monitor calls but not record them?-received communications to determine whether they are business or personal communications
-communications made to anonymous telephone help lines - 59What is the purpose of the Data Protection Act?-to protect individuals from organisations
-to limit the data held by organisations to only that which they need
-to stop organisations holding excessive quantities of data on individuals for which they do not have an immediate purpose
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- (Chapter 7) ICT Fichas sobre Chapter 7, creado por ebanks.amber el 12/04/2013.
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