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AQA A Urbanisation Flashcards
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- 1Urbanisationa process where an increasing proportion of the population lives in towns and cities resulting in their growth
- 2Rural-to-urban migrationmoving home from a rural area to settle in a town or city
- 3Land usethe type of buildings or other features that are found in the area, e.g. terraced housing, banks, industrial estates, roads, parks
- 4Functionthe purpose of a particular area, e.g. for residential use, recreation or shopping
- 5Central business district (CBD)the main shopping and service area in a city. The CBD is usually found in the middle of the city so that it is easily accessible
- 6Inner citythe area around the CBD – usually built before 1918 in the UK
- 7Outer city or suburbsthe area on the edge of the city. Many suburbs were built after 1945 and get newer as they reach the edge of the city
- 8Householda person living alone, or two or more people living at the same address, sharing a living room
- 9Brownfield sitesland that has been built on before and is to be cleared and reused. These sites are often in the inner city
- 10Greenfield sitesland that has not been built on before, usually in the countryside on the edge of the built-up area
- 11Urban Development Corporations (UDCs)set up in the 1980s and 1990s using public funding to buy land and improve inner areas of cities, partly by attracting private investment
- 12City Challengea strategy in which local authorities had to design a scheme and submit a bid for funding, competing against other councils. They also had to become part of a partnership involving the local community and private companies who would fund part of the development
- 13Regenerationimproving an area
- 14Sustainable communitycommunity (offering housing, employment and recreation opportunities) that is broadly in balance with the environment and offers people a good quality of life
- 15Quality of lifehow good a person’s life is as measured by such things as quality of housing and environment, access to education, health care, how secure people feel and how happy they are with their lifestyle
- 16Park-and-ride schemea bus service run to key places from car parks on the edges of busy areas in order to reduce traffic flows and congestion in the city centre. Costs are low to encourage people to use the system – they are generally cheaper than fuel and car parking charges in the centre
- 17Squatter settlementsareas of cities (usually on the outskirts) that are built by people from any materials they can find on land that does not belong to them. They have different names in different parts of the world (e.g. favela in Brazil) and are often known as shanty towns
- 18Informal sectorthat part of the economy where jobs are created by people to try to get an income (e.g. taking in washing, mending bicycles) and which are not recognised in official figures
- 19Self-helpsometimes known as assisted self-help (ASH), this is where local authorities help the squatter settlement residents to improve their homes by offering finance in the form of loans or grants and often installing water, sanitation, etc
- 20Site and serviceoccur where land is divided into individual plots and water, sanitation, electricity and basic track layout are supplied before any building by residents begins
- 21Industrialisationa process, usually associated with the development of an economy, where an increasing proportion of people work in industry
- 22Disposal of wastesafely getting rid of unwanted items such as solid waste
- 23Landfilla means of disposing of waste by digging a large hole in the ground and lining it before filling it with rubbish
- 24Recyclingcollection and subsequent reprocessing of products such as paper, aluminium cans, plastic containers and mobile phones, instead of throwing them away
- 25Air pollutionputting harmful substances into the atmosphere such as carbon dioxide
- 26Transnational corporations (TNCs)companies that spread their operations around the world to try to reduce costs
- 27Water pollutionputting poisonous substances into water courses such as sewage, industrial effluent and harmful chemicals
- 28Sustainable cityan urban area where residents have a way of life that will last a long
time. The environment is not damaged and the economic and social fabric are able to stand the test of time - 29Green beltland on the edge of the built-up area, where restrictions are placed on building to prevent the expansion of towns and cities and to protect the natural environment
- 30Urban sprawlthe spreading of urban areas into the surrounding rural/rural–urban fringe areas
- 31Sustainabilitydevelopment that looks after future resources and considers the needs of future generations
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- GCSE and A Level (2 Changing Urban Environments) AQA A GCSE Human Paper 2 Fichas sobre AQA A Urbanisation Flashcards, creado por John Ditchburn el 29/03/2014.
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- John Ditchburn
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