Fichas
Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
Fichas del conjunto (16)
- 1How are erythrocytes adapted to transport oxygen in the blood?- Biconcave shape gives larger surface area for diffusion of gases
- No nucleus maximises space for haemoglobin and limits their life span to 120 days
- Contain haemoglobin that binds with oxygen - 2What is haemoglobin?A large globular conjugated protein made up of 4 peptide chains each containing a haem prosthetic group.
- 3How many oxygen molecules can haemoglobin bind to?4
- 4What is positive cooperativity?When oxygen binds to haemoglobin, the haemoglobin changes shape to allow another oxygen to bind easier
- 5How is a concentration gradient maintained when erythrocytes enter the lungs?- The oxygen levels in alveoli are high
- Oxygen levels in erythrocytes stay low as the oxygen binds to the haemoglobin, this allows the oxygen to diffuse into the erythrocytes - 6What happens when erythrocytes reach the body tissues?- The oxygen diffuses into them due to the lack of oxygen in the cytoplasm
- Haemoglobin changes shape when releasing oxygen to allow oxygen to release easier - 7What does an oxygen dissociation curve allow us to understand?Helps understand how blood carries and releases oxygen
- 8What effect does a slight change in pressure have on the speed at which haemoglobin is saturated?- A slight change in pressure of oxygen makes a significant difference because once 1 oxygen molecule is added, haemoglobin changes shape and more oxygen molecules are added rapidly
- 9What does this help to explain?- high pressure in the lungs causes haemoglobin to be loaded with oxygen when breathing in
- small drop in oxygen levels in respiring tissues means oxygen is released rapidly - 10When inactive, what percentage of oxygen is released to your cells and why?- 25% of oxygen released to cells
- 75% of oxygen saved for when demand increases (activity begins) - 11What is the Bohr effect?Higher partial pressures of carbon dioxide means haemoglobin gives up oxygen more easily.
- 12Why is the Bohr effect important?- In active tissues, carbon dioxide partial pressure builds up and haemoglobin gives up its oxygen more easily
- In lungs, where partial pressures of carbon dioxide are low, oxygen binds to haemoglobin easier - 13What is different about foetal haemoglobin compared to adult haemoglobin?Foetal haemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen so it removes oxygen from maternal blood
- 14Why is it important that foetal haemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen?The oxygenated blood from the mother runs close to the deoxygenated blood from the foetus
- 15What are the 3 ways that carbon dioxide can be carried?- 5% dissolved into blood plasma
- 10-20% combined with amino groups in polypeptide chains of haemoglobin (carbaminohaemoglobin)
- 75-85% converted into hydrogen carbonate ions in the cytoplasm of the red blood cells - 16Ask beth to see flow chart for process of transporting of hydrogen carbonate ions
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- AS level (Chapter 08 - Transport systems in Animals ) Biology Fichas sobre Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, creado por Bethany Westwood el 16/03/2017.
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- Bethany Westwood
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