Flashcards
flashcards chapter 2
Cards in this deck (37)
- 1acidsubstances that provide hydrogen ions (H+) and lower pH, whereas bases provide hydroxide ions (OH–) and raise pH.
- 2acidicBeing or containing an acid; of a solution having an excess of hydrogen atoms (having a ph of less than 7).
- 3antioxidantcompounds that inhibit oxidation.
- 4atomThe smallest unit of matter that retains all of the chemical properties of an element.
- 5atomic nucleusthe center of an atom, where the subatomic particles are.
- 6atomic numberthe number of protons in an element.
- 7basea solution has a lower concentration of hydronium ions than pure water.
- 8basicsolution with a an H+ consentration les than OH-.
- 9bufferaqueous solutions that resist changes in pH, or the acidity or basicity of a solution relative to other substances.
- 10chemical bondlasting attraction between atoms, ions or molecules that enables the formation of chemical compounds.
- 11cohesionthe attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind, and water molecules have strong cohesive forces thanks to their ability to form hydrogen bonds with one another.
- 12covalent bonda way atoms can become more stable is by sharing electrons.
- 13dissolvebecome or cause to become incorporated into a liquid so as to form a solution.
- 14electronsubatomic particle, symbol e − or β − , whose electric charge is negative one
- 15electron shellthe outside part of an atom around the atomic nucleus.
- 16elementA substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical means, and is made up of atoms all with an identical number of protons.
- 17free radicalA type of unstable molecule that is made during normal cell metabolism.
- 18heat of vaporizationthe amount of enthalpy (heat energy) that is required to transform a liquid substance into a gas or vapor.
- 19hydrogen bondthe attraction between a partially positively charged hydrogen atom attached to a highly electronegative atom.
- 20hydrophilicA hydrophilic molecule or portion of a molecule is one whose interactions with water and other polar substances are more thermodynamically favorable than their interactions with oil or other hydrophobic solvents.
- 21hydrophobiccompounds do not dissolve easily in water, and are usually non-polar.
- 22hydrophobic interactionthe relations between water and hydrophobes.
- 23ionAtoms that possess a positive or negative charge due to the gain or loss of electrons.
- 24ionic bondattractions between oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms where electrons are donated and accepted.
- 25isotopedifferent forms of the same element that have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons.
- 26mass numberthe number of things in the nucleus of an atom. In other words, it is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in a single atom.
- 27moleculeA molecule is two or more atoms bonded together to form a single chemical entity.
- 28neutronAn elementary atomic particle that has no charge and a mass that is approximately the same as that of a proton.
- 29nonpolar covalent bondmolecules are molecules in which the bonds are equal because the electrons are shared equally.
- 30pH scalea measure of how acidic/basic water is.
- 31polar covalent bondA bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have different electronegativities and therefore have unequal sharing of the bonding electron pair.
- 32protonstable subatomic particle that has a positive charge equal in magnitude to a unit of electron charge.
- 33radioactiveThe spontaneous emission of a stream of particles or electromagnetic rays in nuclear decay.
- 34solutiona homogeneous mixture of solvent and solute molecules.
- 35solventa molecule that has the ability to dissolve other molecules, known as solutes.
- 36specific heatthe amount of heat one gram of a substance must absorb or lose to change its temperature by one degree Celsius.
- 37surface tensionThe expression of intermolecular attraction at the surface of a liquid, in contact with air or another gas, a solid, or another immiscible liquid, tending to pull the molecules of the liquid inward from the surface.
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- Flashcards on flashcards chapter 2, created by Ana Isabel Morán Morales on 18/02/2021.
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- Ana Isabel Morán Morales
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