Flashcards
Pathophysiology V (100 Flash Cards)
Cards in this deck (100)
- 1Periapical granulomaChronic apical periodontitis
A localized mass of chronically inflamed granulation tissue that forms at the opening of the pulp canal, generally at the apex of a nonvital tooth root. - 2Periodontal abscessAn inflammatory reaction to bacteria trapped in the periodontal sulcus
- 3Peripheral giant cell granulomaA reactive lesion that occurs on the gingival or alveolar mucosa, typically anterior to the molars. it is usually a result of local irritating factors.
OFTEN HAS BLUE HUE
Asymptomatic
differential diagnosis with the 3 P's (the other two) - 4Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma- Soft tissue lesion, not in bone but MAKES BONE.
- Occurs on gingiva esp interdental papilla.
- Red to pink color.
- Asymptomatic
- Xray: scattered light opacities
differential diagnosis with the 3 P's (the other two) - 5PlasmacytomaMultiple myeloma
- 6Pleomorphic adenoma-MOST COMMON BENIGN SALIVARY GLAND TUMOR
-Mix of more than one cell type ( epithelial and ct)
-Palate is most common site for minor gland lesions
-Typically painless, slow growing firm mass.
-Smooth-surface. Dome-shaped mass - 7Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis- HSV type 1
- usually affects children younger than 6
- Inflamed, enlarged marginal gingiva; gingival bleeding
pin point vesicles -> ulcers throughout the mouth and lips w/ sig pain
- Malise
- low grade fever
- sore throat, lymphadenopathy
- kid does not want to drink water - 8Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis-HSV type 1
-usually affects children younger than 6
Inflamed, enlarged marginal gingiva; gingival bleeding
pin point vesicles -> ulcers throughout the mouth and lips w/ sig pain
-Malise
-low grade fever
-sore throat, lymphadenopathy
-kid doesn't want to drink water because it hurts - 9Proliferative Periostitis (Garre's)Form of chronic osteomyelitis that involves the periosteum
Usually assoc w carious molar in children
Visible swelling
Common in inferior border of posterior mandible
Lucent or mottled radiographic pattern plus concentric periosteal layering (onion skin pattern)- bands of radiopaque lines that parallel cortical surface
Tx: w tooth removal and AB - 10proliferative verrucous leukoplakia-multiple, white, corrugated plaques
*NOT associated with risk factors
-70% malignant change
-biopsy
-FEMALES↑50
~papillary lesion - 11Pyogenic Granuloma- usually on gingiva at the interdental papilla
- not painful
- grows very fast, proliferative
- not a fibroma
- bleeds readily
- PREGNANCY TUMOR
- P. Intermedia
differential diagnosis with the 3 P's (the other two) - 12Ranula- Mucous rentention cyst
- Submucosal nodule resulting from blockage of salivary duct by salivary stone (sialolith)
- Looks like frogs belly
- Bluish
- FOM
- history of recurrence
- Mucin will yield viscous aspirate - 13rhabdomyosarcomaMalignant tumor of striated muscle, highly malignant with rapid metastasis
- 14Salivary gland neoplasiaSalivary gland neoplasia can occur in:
-parotid gland,
-minor glands (50-50 chance of malignant),
-submandibular gland,
- sublingual glands;
-occurs mostly in women - 15sarcomamalignant tumor of connective tissue
Ex. Karposi sarcoma - 16Schwannoma (neurilemoma)- Benign neoplasm of Schwann's cells
tongue favored
- solitary; not syndrome- related - 17SchwannomaBenign neural tumor. Neurofibromatosis type II. Bilateral schwannomas of the auditory-vestibular nerve (CN VIII).
Location: Tongue. anywhere else, infrequently centrally within bone (may produce bony expansion and a unilocular well-circumscribed radiolucency
Papule or nodule.
Smooth, dome-shaped and non-ulcerated
From mm to several cm.
Usually asymptomatic, occasionally mild
Histo:
Antoni A : streaming fascicles of spindle-shaped cells forming palisaded arrangement around acellular, eosinophilic areas known as Verocay bodies.
Antoni B: less cellular and less organied with a looser acellular matrix. - 18Secondary (Recurrent) Intraoral Herpes- HSV I
- intraoral: hard palate and gingiva on KERATINIZED tissue
- triggered by stress, trauma, UV exposure
- more likely in immunocompromise - 19sialolithstone in the salivary gland
- 20Squamous Cell CarcinomaMay manifest as chronic, non painful, indurated firm, nonhealing ulcer, red or white patch, or mass
More likely in males
HIgh risk sites: FOM lateral of tongue
Least likely site: hard palate
Metastasis most likely to a lymph node
Radiographic: poorly defined lucencies w/o reactive sclertotic border - 21Squamous Papilloma- benign
- white to white pink papule/ nodule
- rough surface (cauliflower)
- found on facial/lingual gingiva, soft/hard palate and tongue
- *HPV 6 & 11* - 22Stafne DefectRadiolucency of the posterior mandible below the level of the inferior alveolar canal
- 23Submucous fibrosis- White lesion that doesn't rub off
- due to BETEL QUID (paan) use
- marked rigidity, loss of tongue papillae
- Buccal mucosa most common, retromolar pad, soft palate
- Leukoplakia common
High risk for OSCC - 24TMDtemporomandibular disorders
- 25Transient lingual papillitisCommon condition involving enlargement of a variable number of FUNGIFORM papillae on the dorsal tongue
- 26Traumatic Bone Cyst- RAdiolucent dead space (no epithelial lining) in the mandible of teenages
- Some (not all)associated with jaw trauma
- Undogoes sponataneous healing without treatment following exploatory surgery
- Pseudocyst
Radiography: SCALLOPED margin, or ICE-Cream scoup - 27Traumatic Neuroma- transected nerve due to trauma w/ scar tissue
- leading to a painful/tender, firm nodule
- likely seen near mental foramen and tongue - 28Traumatic ulcersulcers created by mechanical irritation and are often the result of biting but can also be caused by overzealous tooth brushing and flossing, hard foodstuffs, ill-fitting dentures, and local anesthetic injection
- 29varicosityincreased prominence of superficial veins
- 30verruca vulgariscommon wart
May also be found in the mouth.
- benign
- white to white pink papule/ nodule
- rough surface (cauliflower)
- found on facial/lingual gingiva, soft/hard palate and tongue
HPV 2 & 4 - 31>32 teeth. most common: mesiodenssupernumerary teeth
- 324 treatments for HSVacyclovir - 200 mg 5x/day
famciclovir 125 mg bid
valcyclovir 500 mg bid
foscarnet IV - 33a major complication of pulpitis when infection of the lower molars spreads into facial spaces?ludwigs angina
- 34a radiolucency associated with a scalloped up between roots of teeth, empty cavity and is a degenerative process. doesn't expand teeth or growntraumatic bone cyst
- 35aging phenomenon associated with xerostomia, but not systemic. deep fissures in dorsal tonguefissured tongue
- 36aging phenomenon where vessels lose vascular integrity, veins become more superficial and dilate ventral tonguevaricose veins
- 37anomaly of tooth development. bend or curve in root due to trauma, angulate tooth germ and continue to grow at the angle. complicates endodilaceration
- 38anomaly of tooth development. fused by cementum. more common in maxilla due to rots being more spread out and closer togetherconcrescence
- 39anomaly of tooth development. temptation of the tooth gem before calcification to form 2 teeth. single root. looks like fused teeth, so you count the teeth ( extra tooth )gemination
- 40anomaly of tooth development. tooth germs close together and fuse. fuse by dentin and erupt. count normal number of teeth. two roots.fusion
- 41apthae associated with deficiency in blood/iron/folate/vitamin Bpseudoapthae
- 42are herpetiform apthae associated with herpes?atrophic candidosis on the mid-dorsal tongue. depapillated areas, asymptomatic or asymptomatic
- 43autosomal dominant can be severe and cover teeth isolated finding ( without syndrome ) with syndromes: epilepsy, retardation, multiple hyaline fibromatosis, rutherford syndrome, leband syndrome, cross syndrome.gingival fibromatosis
- 44born without teeth. more teeth are missing, more likely syndromic (hereditary ectodermal dysplasia)anodontia (partial anodontia)
- 45candida infection that occurs at the corner of the mouth. can be treated with anti-fungalsangular cheilitis
- 46common, unknown etiology, dynamic, usually asymptomatic, atrophy of the filiform papillaegeographic tongue
- 47condensing osteitis associated with a nonvital toothchronic focal sclerosing osteomyelitis
- 48cyst in lymphoid tissue, contains keratin, raised yellow lesion. Most common areas are FOM, ventral tongue ( or wherever lymphoid tissue is present)lymphoepithelial cyst
- 49depression of the submandibular salivary gland along lingual cortex. so it looks like a radiolucency. - intrabony pathology "normal defect" below the IA canal from midbody to the angle, corticated, asymptomatic, no palpation. radiolucency with opaque border. posterior mid body of mandible, below the canalsalivary gland depression (stafney defect/bone cavity)
- 50disease is associated with a fungus, but is NOT a fungal infection. can see "sulfur granules". requires long term antibioticsactinomycosis
- 51disease with beta hemolytic strep. strawberry tongue is also a common associationscarlet fever
- 52does oral candidosis effect deep tissues or is it more superficialsuperficial. doesn't infect deeper tissues
also it is an opportunistic infection - 53filiform papillae elongate or hypertrophy. antibiotics can promotehairy tongue
- 54First disease associated with varicella zoster?chicken pox
- 55folded tissue around a denture border.epulis fissuratum (inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia)
- 56four oncogenic tendencies of EBV?burkitts lymphoma
lymphoma
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
hair leukoplakia - 57growth hormone production after puberty?acromegaly
- 58HSV associated hand lesions?herpetic whitlow
- 59infections of mid-face - face to brain involving pulpitis?cavernous sinus thrombosis
- 60inherited defect of dentin, autosomal dominant, teeth look normal, obliteration of pulp chambers or canals, abnormal root development, predisposition to periapical pathologydentinal dysplasia
- 61inherited defect of silophosphate dentin gene - autosomal dominant (genetic) all teeth, both dentitions. teeth look translucent (opolescent dentin) enamel fractures away from dentin. obliteration of pulps. dentin and bone matrix use type I collagen. could be associated with osteogenesis imperfectadentinogenesis imperfecta
- 62is basal cell carcinoma likely to metastasize ?nope
- 63is bells palsy idiopathic?no. post-viral neuropathy
- 64large progessive ulceration, symptomatic. 1/4 million people in the US. Ulcers with rolled borders. granulomatous inflammation. Primary cause of necrotizing granulomatous inflammationteberculosis
- 65lateral of neck, from branchial arches. trap epithelium as they move. most common location is the angle of the mandiblebenign cervical lymphoepithelial cysts (branchial cleft cyst)
- 66lesion begins at the site of first contact (usually genital) which stage is this disease?primary stage syphilis
- 67lymphoid tissue, normal immune system, lymphocytes, norma, posterior lateral tongue - same spot as oral cancer. soft, non-painful non-growing, bilaterally symmetrical, can be hyperplasticlingual tonsil
- 68most common developmental cyst midline anterior maxilla. grows and moves teeth. midline radiolucency contacting tooth roots - tooth tests vitalincisive canal cyst / nasopalatine duct cyst
- 69most common form of mononucelosis occurs from?epstein barr virus
- 70most common fungal infectionoral candidosis
- 71most common lesion with salivary gland. it is not an epithelial lined cavity.mucocele
- 72most common nerves assocaited with varicella zoster?trunk then trigeminal
- 73most common of all tooth developmental defects. Lingual surface invagination to pulp. ring of enamel and dentin. "tooth within a tooth" most common tooth is the maxillary lateral incisor. radiographic diagnosis is required.dens-in-dente (dens invaginatus)
- 74most common site of herpes simplex virus secondary infection?90% on lip - outisde at junction of skin and vermilion
- 75multiple sharply punched out, vesicular lesions at a young age. lesions occur everywhere - gingiva, mucosa, lips, cheeks, symmetrically distributed. foramen ovale in trigeminal ganglion is a site of reactivationPrimary herpes simplex virus
- 76normal and common ectopic sebaceous glands. won't see in children asymptomatic, bilaterally symmetical on buccal mucosa developmentalfordyce granules
- 77pebbly, bumpy, red from ill fitting denture. rocks and stimulates tissue. pattern loos like cancerpapillary hyperplasia (papillomatosis)
- 78periosteum becomes reactive and walls off infection and lays down bone, outside of cortex but under periosteum (all associated with pulpitis)garre's osteomyelitis (chronic proliferative periostitis)
- 79probably doesn't exist..... occurs between lateral and cuspidglobulomaxillary cyst
- 80secondary disease associated with varicella zoster?shingles. affects only one dermatome.
- 81stones in salivary ducts. submandibular gland is the most common site.sialoliths
- 82teeth structurally deficient in enamel. genetically 12 types, x linked, autosomal dominant/recessive. all types are genetic defects in both primary and permanent dentition hypoplastic, discolored brown-yellow-gray teethamelogenesis imperfecta
- 83teeth that look like bulls teeth. large pulp chambers, apical placement of floor of the pulp chamber caused by phenotypic expression of gene pool occassionally assoiated with klinefelters syndrome (XXY syndrome)taurodontism
- 84thyroid gland starts at base of tongue (depression - foramen cecum) down through hyoid bone. tract remains for life. midline cyst in neck, but can be anywhere from submental to thyroid gland when hyoid moves, cyst movesthyroglossal tract cyst
- 85what are the ABCDs ofo melanoma?A - asymmetry
B - borders irregular
C - color variation
D - Diameter >5 mm - 86what are the most common locations of leukoplakia?FOM, tongue, lip
- 87what are the three drugs associated with drug induced gingival hyperplasiaphenytoin/dilantin (epilepsy)
cyclosporine (immunosupression)
primidone, Calcium channel blockers (nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem)
requires meticulus oral hygeine - 88what are the three lesions of langerhans cell histiocytosisletter-siwe - young and severe
hand schuller-christian- intermediate form with bone lesions, eyes stick out a bit
eosinophilic granuloma - kids. one or two bony lesions - 89what are the treatmetns for angular cheilitisnystatin pastilles 200,00u
nystatin oral suspension 100,000 u/ml
ketoconazole 200mg
fluconazole 100/200mg
itraconazole oral suspension - 90what are the two growth phases of melanomaradial growth phase = cells grow laterally in epithelium
vertical growth phase = cells pile up and produce growth - 91what bone disease is associated with a mutation in cells that are preosteoblasts, occurs after conception, makes abnormal bone, and asymptomatic, asymmetrical growht of the jaw/mandible. uniform ground glass opacity that blends into surrounding bonefibrous dysplasia
- 92what bone disease is associated with an autosomal dominant genetic defect that makes a symmetrically big face. giant cell granulomas are presentcherbusim
- 93what bone disease is associated with increased osteoblastic and clastic activity. bones get bigger over time, but they are brittle and prone to fracture. "cotton wool density" associated with a n increased alkaline phosphatase concentrationpaget's disease of bone (osteitis deformans)
- 94what can hyperparathyroidism due to teeth?create a loss of the lamina dura
- 95what causes the primary form of hyperparathyroidism ( von recklinghausen's disease of bone )benign tumor in the parathyroid gland
- 96what causes the secondary form of hyperparathyroidism?renal disease. phosphate and calcium leak through the kidney
- 97what disease has a characteristic butterfly rash over the bridge of the noselupus erythematous
- 98What are 4 types of ulcerative lesions?*Reactive* (traumatic ulcer)
*Infectious* (non-viral)
>> Candidosis
>> Syphilis
*Autoimmune/Idiopathic*
>> Aphthous ulcer
>> Erythema multiforme
*Erythroplakia* - 99What are fordyce granules?*Ectopic sebaceous glands*. Yellow, granular plaques and nodules present in clusters on the buccal mucosa and lip.
- 100What are some antifungal medications used to Tx Candidiasis?- Nystatin
- Clotrimazole
- Ketoconazole (sys. or topical)
- Fluconazole (sys.)
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- Praxis Flashcards: PATHOLOGY Flashcards on Pathophysiology V (100 Flash Cards), created by ACAPUN INSTITUTE on 08/07/2021.
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