Flashcards
Endodontics IX (100 Flash cards)
Cards in this deck (100)
- 1Which of the following treatments is indicated for a patient with a 1 mm pulp exposure created when the cusp fractured off above the gumline 20 minutes prior? A. Direct pulp cap with mineral trioxide aggregate B. Pulpotomy with formocresol C. Pulpotomy with calcium hydroxide D. Pulpectomy with apexification when necessaryA
- 2A 10-year-old patient presents to your office with a horizontal root fracture in the middle third of the root of tooth #8. The tooth is mobile and tests vital to cold. Which of the following is the best management for this situation? A. Dismiss the patient and follow up in ten days B. Perform a pulpectomy and splint C. Splint and observe D. ExtractC
- 3Which of the following treatments is indicated for a patient with irreversible pulpitis on tooth #8 with an immature apex? A. Apexification B. Calcium hydroxide pulpotomy C. Direct pulp cap D. Indirect pulp cap E. ApexogenesisE
- 4An 8-year-old boy presents to your office with a traumatized #8 that no longer responds to electric and thermal vitality tests. Which of the following is the suggested treatment? A. Cvek pulpotomy B. Reevaluation after two weeks C. Pulpectomy D. Calcium hydroxide pulpotomy E. ApexificationB
- 5Which of the following accounts for why endodontically treated posterior teeth are more susceptible to fracture than untreated ones? A. Loss of pulpal vitality B. Plastic deformation of the dentin C. Damaged coronal structure D. Loss of moistureC
- 6A patient presents with a periapical abscess on a mandibular first molar. The patient reports severe pain in the area three days ago, but the pain has since resolved. This cessation of pain is most likely due to A. neutralizing effect of tissue enzymes. B. rupture of the abscess from the periosteum into the soft tissue. C. the body walling off the infection. D. neurotoxic effects of bacterial toxins anesthetizing the nociceptors.B
- 7During canal preparation, excessive instrumentation leads to the loss of the apical seat. The dentist should proceed by A. filling with a warm gutta-percha technique. B. filling with a gutta-percha cone that is larger. C. increasing the file size and decreasing the file length. D. using a chelating agent and packing with calcium hydroxide. E. prescribing analgesics and antibiotics.C
- 8Which of the following is responsible for mild pain to hot, cold, and sweet stimuli for days following the placement of an amalgam? A. Reversible pulpitis B. Pulpal necrosis C. Irreversible pulpitis D. Symptomatic apical periodontitis E. Asymptomatic apical periodontitisA
- 9A patient presents to the office with a tooth #19 that indicates pulp necrosis, pain on percussion, and no periapical lesion present. Which of the following should the emergency treatment consist of? A. Open the tooth to achieve drainage, and leave the tooth open to drain. B. Prescribe antibiotics and analgesics and reschedule the patient for later. C. Perform a pulpotomy, temporize, and check the occlusion. D. Open the tooth, perform apical trephination, temporize, and check occlusion. E. Debride the canals, temporize, and check occlusion.E
- 10Which of the following would be the diagnosis for a patient with a tooth that demonstrates spontaneous pain, is not sensitive to hot or cold, but is sensitive to percussion and does NOT have a periapical radiolucency? A. Asymptomatic apical periodontitis B. Reversible pulpitis C. Chronic apical abscess D. Irreversible pulpitis E. Symptomatic apical periodontitisE
- 11In diagnosing a tooth with a porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crown, the LEAST useful response is to A. the electronic pulp tester. B. thermal stimulus. C. percussion. D. palpation.A
- 12Which of the following situations presents the most favorable post-treatment prognosis? A. External apical root resorption B. An area of limited internal resorption C. A history of avulsion that was replanted within one hour of avulsion D. External lateral root resorption E. A vertical fracture that extends through the floor of the pulp chamberB
- 13Which of the following pulpal conditions is suggested when a patient experiences prolonged, unstimulated pain while trying to sleep? A. Reversible pulpitis B. Normal pulp C. Necrosis D. Mild irritationC
- 14The process of replacement root resorption is best characterized by A. acute inflammation. B. ankylosis. C. chronic pain. D. rapid progression. E. apical pathosis.B
- 15An accessory canal in the middle third of a tooth with a necrotic pulp and an adjacent radiolucent lesion is noted, and a radiograph made after obturation suggests that no material entered the accessory canal. Which of the following actions is indicated? A. Observe the patient, with a six-month recall and radiograph scheduled for the next year. B. Expose the root surgically, and then curette the lesion. C. Perform an apicoectomy. D. Re-obturate the canal using the continuous wave warm lateral to force material into the accessory canal.A
- 16Irreversible pulpitis is best diagnosed with A. electric pulp test. B. percussion. C. palpation. D. test cavity. E. heat and cold testing.E
- 17Recapitulation is utilized during stepback enlargement to accomplish which of the following? A. To remove dentin filings from the apical segments that are not removed by irrigation B. To create a coronal funnel to make filling easier C. To maintain the apical stop D. To maintain curvature of the canalA
- 18Each of the following statements about post preparation is correct EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? A. It is recommended that at least 5mm of gutta percha should remain in the root canal after the post space is prepared. B. Posts retain the core for teeth with extensive coronal tooth structure loss. C. Posts are indicated when there is inadequate coronal tooth structure for fixed restorations. D. Posts reinforce the tooth structure and prevent vertical root fractures.D
- 19The dental community believes that rubber dams must be used to complete all root canal treatments. In certain cases, a clinician, with proper informed consent, can choose not to use a rubber dam to complete endodontic procedures. A. Both statements are true. B. Both statements are false. C. The first statement is true, the second is false. D. The first statement is false, the second is true.C
- 20Which of the following describes the most common reason ledges are formed during endodontic procedures? A. Too large a file, too fast B. Unachieved straight line access C. Improper irrigation D. Fallen pulp stone in canalB
- 21Which of the following describes functions of the pulp? A. All answers apply B. Sensory C. Nutritive D. Formative E. DefensiveA
- 22Which of the following diagnoses is associated with a tooth that is extremely cold sensitive, with the pain subsiding in three minutes following removal of the cold stimulus, and that has spontaneous pain but not pain to percussion or palpation? A. Necrotic pulp B. Hyperemic pulp C. Reversible pulpitis D. Irreversible pulpitisD
- 23Which of the following does a .02 taper indicate for a K-file? A. 0.02mm increase in diameter per 1mm of file length B. 0.2mm increase in diameter per 2mm of file length C. 0.2mm increase in diameter per 1mm of file length D. 0.02mm increase in diameter per 2mm of file lengthA
- 24Which of the following statements best describes cracked posterior teeth? A. Cracks are most commonly identified radiographically. B. Cracks typically extend faciolingually. C. Cracks typically extend mesiodistally. D. Cracks can always be detected clinically.C
- 25Which of the following describes the proper sizing for a barbed broach? A. Same size as the canal B. Just large enough to engage the walls C. Slightly larger than the canal D. Slightly smaller than the canalD
- 26An electric dental pulp vitality test (EPT) is contraindicated just after a traumatic injury mainly because A. the pulp always tests negative. B. the EPT can give a false-positive reading. C. the pulp is necrotic and should undergo a root canal procedure. D. a negative response may be temporary because the blood supply was interrupted. E. a negative response may be temporary because the neural transmission was interrupted.E
- 27Which of the following treatments is indicated for a 5-year-old patient with a sinus tract and a dark discoloration associated with their maxillary central incisor that appeared following trauma? A. Pulpotomy B. Pulpectomy C. Indirect pulp cap D. Extraction E. Direct pulp capD
- 28Periapical cemental dysplasia in its early stages is best differentiated clinically from an apical abscess by A. pulp testing. B. radiographic appearance. C. percussion. D. palpation. E. periodontal examination.A
- 29Which of the following describes the purpose of ethylene-diamineteraacetic acid (edetic acid) EDTA in endodontic procedures? A. Irrigates the canal B. Lubricates the canal C. Makes the sealer adhere to the canal wall D. Dissolves inorganic matter E. Dissolves organic matter F. Kills bacteriaD
- 30Which of the following materials is typically used for the walking bleach technique? A. 14% carbamide peroxide B. 10% phosphoric acid C. 2.6% sodium hypochlorite D. 30% carbamide peroxide E. 30% hydrogen peroxide F. Sodium perborateF
- 31Which of the following is not a reason for placing a post and core restoration in an endodontically treated posterior tooth? A. To enhance the resistance of the restoration to lateral forces B. To strengthen the root C. To enhance the retention of the coreB
- 32Following the completion of a root canal, an operator notices a vertical root fracture. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the vertical root fracture? A. Condensation forces during gutta-percha filling B. Traumatic occlusion C. Removal of temporary restorations on prepared teeth D. Permanent cementing of crowns after treatment E. Cementation of a cast post and coreA
- 33In which of the following cell layers does the nerve plexus of Raschkow reside? A. The cell-free layer B. The cell-rich layer C. The odontoblastic layer D. Central core of the pulp E. Only in the apical 1/3 of the toothA
- 34Which of the following teeth is most likely to demonstrate two canals? A. #13 B. #5 C. #29 D. #6 E. #14B
- 35A few months after having a root canal treatment, a patient experiences pain upon biting. Upon taking a radiograph, the clinican sees a post-and-core restoration with no periapical pathology. Which of the following is the likely source of the pain? A. Vertical root fracture B. Pyschosomatic effect C. Open crown margin D. Loose crown E. Premature contactA
- 36Which of the following teeth is most likely to demonstrate two canals? A. #13 B. #5 C. #29 D. #6 E. #14B
- 37A few months after having a root canal treatment, a patient experiences pain upon biting. Upon taking a radiograph, the clinican sees a post-and-core restoration with no periapical pathology. Which of the following is the likely source of the pain? A. Vertical root fracture B. Pyschosomatic effect C. Open crown margin D. Loose crown E. Premature contactA
- 38Which of the following is the recommended treatment for a posterior primary tooth with a draining abscess, no mobility, no radiographic furcal bone loss, and roots that are completely intact? A. Sodium hypochlorite pulpotomy B. Extraction C. Pulpectomy D. Indirect pulp cap E. Calcium hydroxide pulpotomyC
- 39Development of pulp necrosis is most commonly seen in which of the following dental traumas? A. Midroot horizontal root fracture B. Avulsion C. Concussion D. lntrusive luxationD
- 40Another term for replacement resorption is A. pain. B. rapid progress. C. apical pathosis. D. acute apical abscess. E. ankylosis.E
- 41In which of the following locations would a perforation present the highest failure risk? A. Apical third of the root B. Middle third of the root C. Furcation D. Crown E. ApexC
- 42Which of the following pairs of intracanal instruments and its action is incorrectly matched? A. Rotating instruments in a clockwise direction force debris apically, while counterclockwise rotation forces debris coronally. B. Intracanal instruments are more susceptible to breaking if they are rotated after becoming locked into dentin. C. Reaming action will enlarge a root canal and make it more round in shape. D. K files can be used to file and ream, while a reamer can only be used to ream.A
- 43The root canal anatomy of a maxillary 1st molar with four canals requires which shape of access preparation? A. Trapezoidal B. Square C. Blunted triangle/rhombus D. Ovoid E. RoundC
- 44The most important factor influencing the solubility of zinc phosphate cement is A. the brand of the material because phosphate levels vary widely. B. the age of the patient. C. the liquid-to-powder ratio.C
- 45When placing an amalcore restoration on an endodontically treated tooth, the minimum depth the amalgam should penetrate the canal is ... A. 5mm B. 4mm C. 3mm D. 2mm E. 1mmC
- 46Which of the following describes why barium salts are added to gutta-percha? A. No answers apply. B. Opacifier C. Reinforcement D. Plasticizer E. PreservativeB
- 47What is the most common sequence of treatment for replanting permanent teeth with closed apices? A. Root canal therapy, repositioning, and splinting B. Canal debridement, calcium hydroxide therapy, repositioning, splinting, and gutta-percha fill C. Repositioning, splinting, and root canal therapyC
- 48The location of the apical foramen in relation to the anatomical apex is A. more than 1 mm from the anatomic apex. B. 0.5-1.0 mm from the anatomic apex. C. less than 0.5 mm from the anatomic apex. D. at the anatomic apex.B
- 49Which of the following is the best way to manage a tooth with a ledge that is detected while performing a root canal? A. Use a smaller file to bypass the ledge. B. Use a larger file to remove the ledge. C. Obturate the canal as far as was reamed. D. Remove the ledge with a Gates Glidden bur.A
- 50Each of the following are parts of informed consent EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? A. Alternatives to treatment B. Benefits of treatment C. Risks of treatment D. Cost of treatmentD
- 51Which of the following diagnoses describes short-duration tooth pain following a cold stimulus? A. Chronic apical abscess B. Symptomatic apical periodontitis C. Hyperemic pulp D. Irreversible pulpitis E. Necrotic pulpC
- 52Patient reports pain in tooth #19 which has lingering pain to cold and has a pulp exposure according to the radiograph. What options are available to treat this tooth?Extraction
Extraction → Bridge
Extraction → Implant
Endodontic treatment - 53What were the findings of the 2004 study concerning outcomes of initial endodontic treatment?97% of teeth treated with NSRCT (non-surgical root canal treatment) were retained for over a period of 8 years
- 54According to the 2006 study comparing the success rate of Implants vs. Endodontic treatment, what were the compared Failure rates?Endo and Implant treatment both had the Same Failure rate: 6.1%
- 55Define the following: Root canal system Pulp Chamber*Root canal system*: space containing the dental pulp in the crown and root
*Pulp chamber*: Pulp space that is found within the Anatomic Crown - 56Define the following portions of the root canal system: Roof Floor Pulp horn Orifice*Roof*: Coronal ceiling of the pulp chamber
*Floor*: Apical floor of the pulp chamber (posterior teeth only)
*Pulp horn*: Coronal projections of pulp chamber
*Orifice*: Opening of the pulp chamber into the root canal - 57T/F The Root canal itself is a tapering cylindrical tube but may have multiple foramina. Mechanical instrumentation Must be combined with Chemical reagents to eliminate infected pulp tissue.1st False: not cylindrical, multiple anatomical variations
2nd True - 58What is the location of the Apical constriction?Apical constriction found about 1 mm above the Radiographic Apex
- 59_____% of apical foramen emerge Laterally from the radiographic apex _____% of apical foramen emerge from the radiographic apex When the apical foramen emerges Laterally from the radiographic apex it is on average _____ mm from the radiographic apex.88%
12%
0.5 mm - 60Define the following: Apical constriction Apical delta*Apical constriction*: Narrowest portion of the root canal system about 0.5 mm from the apex (apical foramen)
*Apical delta*: Pulp canal divides into multiple accessory canals at or near the root apex - 61Give Percentages for the # of roots and # of canals for the following Maxillary teeth: Central Lateral CanineCentral: 1 root, 100%. 1 canal, 100%
Lateral: 1 root, 100%. 1 canal, 100%
Canine: 1 root, 100%. 1 canal, 100% - 62Give Percentages for the # of roots and # of canals for the: Maxillary 1st Premolar*Roots*
1: 35%
2: 61%
3: 4%
*Canals*
1: 9%
2: 85%
3: 6% - 63Give Percentages for the # of roots and # of canals for the: Maxillary 2nd Premolar*Roots*
1: 95%
2: 5%
*Canals*
1: 75%
2: 24%
3: 1% - 64Give Percentages for the # of roots and # of canals for the: Maxillary 1st Molar*Roots*
3: 100%
*Canals*
3: 38%
4: 60%
5: 2% - 65Give Percentages for the # of roots and # of canals for the: Maxillary 2nd Molar*Roots*
3: 100%
*Canals*
3: 65%
4: 35% - 66What is the percent chance of the presence of 2 canals in the MB root of the Maxillary 1st Molar? Of the Maxillary 2nd Molar?Mx 1st molar: 60%
Mx 2nd molar: 35% - 67Give Percentages for the # of roots and # of canals for the following Mandibular teeth: Central incisor Lateral incisorCentral: 1 root 100%. 1 canal 70%, 2 canals 30%
Lateral: 1 root 100%. 1 canal 55%, 2 canals 45% - 68Give Percentages for the # of roots and # of canals for the: Mandibular Canine*Roots*
1: 94%
2: 6%
*Canals*
1: 90%
2: 10% - 69Give Percentages for the # of roots and # of canals for the: Mandibular 1st Premolar*Roots*
1: 82%
2: 18%
*Canals*
1: 75%
2: 24%
3: 1% - 70Give Percentages for the # of roots and # of canals for the: Mandibular 2nd Premolar*Roots*
1: 92%
2: 8%
*Canals*
1: 88%
2: 11%
3: 1% - 71Give Percentages for the # of roots and # of canals for the: Mandibular 1st Molar*Roots*
2: 97%
3: 3%
*Canals*
2: 5%
3: 65%
4: 30% - 72Give Percentages for the # of roots and # of canals for the: Mandibular 2nd Molar*Roots*
2: 99%
3: 1%
*Canals*
2: 10%
3: 75%
4: 15% - 73What are the general purposes of the Access Cavity?Access to the Pulp
Clean and Shape the canal
Disinfection of the canal
Filling the canal - 74When creating an Access cavity, how should it be shaped and what is the goal?External morphology of the tooth tends to predict the internal anatomy.
Straight line path to the canal system or position of first curvature should be obtained - 75Why do you want Straight line access to the canal system?Allows unobstructed view of the chamber and orifices
Reduces chances of procedural errors - 76List the Sequence of steps for creating an Access cavity.-Estimate pulp chamber depth radiographically
-Outline: draw outline form on tooth
-Nesting: shallow nesting cavity created in enamel
-Break into Pulp chamber
-Unroof the pulp chamber
-Flare: tapering funnel to the canal (use EndoZ bur)
-Cleaning & Irrigation - 77What is the main function of the DG16 endodontic explorer?*Identification of Canal Orifices* and locating pulp horns
- 78Which of the following may be used to clear out Irrigating solution? A: Suction B: Cotton roll C: Air syringe D: A & B E: All of the aboveD: suction or cotton rolls may be used to absorb irrigating solution
- 79When a clinician starts heading in the wrong direction when making an access cavity the tendency is to ______Overcorrect
- 80What is the shape of the Access opening for the Maxillary Central or Lateral incisor?Outline shape: Rounded triangle. Point of triangle pointed toward the cingulum. Lingual curve to avoid reducing the incisal edge
- 81What is the shape of the access opening for the Mx Canine?Ovoid: wider in an Inciso-gingival direction
- 82What other teeth have an Ovoid access opening?Mandibular Central and Lateral incisors
Mandibular Canine
Premolars - 83What are the objectives of Canal preparation?Removal of infected hard and soft tissue
Allows disinfecting irrigants access to the canal
Creates space for delivery of medicaments and obturation
Retain integrity of radicular structures - 84The taper of hand files is _____ mm. What is D0 and D16?0.02mm
D₀: projected diameter at the tip of a hand file
D₁₆: end of the twisted portion of the hand file, 16mm from the tip - 85How are Sizes of hand instruments designated?Size of instrument = Diameter of the file at D₀, measured in hundreths of mm
- 86A #35 hand file is _____ mm at D₀ The Taper of hand files increases by _____mm for every _____ mm of length0.35 mm
0.02 mm for every 1 mm of length - 87What is the diameter of a #35 hand file at D₁₆?0.67 mm
(0.35 mm at D₀ + 0.32 mm of taper at D₁₆) - 88T/F The 21 mm file has a shorter active cutting portion than a 31 mm file. Stainless steel files are more Flexible than Nickel titanium files.1st False: active portion of all hand files is 16 mm regardless of total length
2nd False: Nickel titanium files are more flexible - 89T/F Nickel titanium files are Less efficient at cutting than Stainless steel files. Stainless steel files have Better torsional fracture resistance than Nickel titanium files.1st True
2nd False: Nickel titanium files have better torsional fracture resistnace - 90The taper of a particular rotary file is 0.08 mm. The diameter at D₀ is 0.30 mm. What is the diameter at D₁₆?0.30 mm + 1.28 mm of taper = *1.58 mm*
- 91What colors are designated to what sizes of Hand files?#15: White
#20: Yellow
#25: Red
#30: Blue
#35: Green
#40: Black
#45: White
#50: Yellow
#55: Red
#60: Blue
#70: Green
#80: Black - 92What is the function of Chemical Irrigation during root canal treatment?Cleaning debris from the canal
Demineralization of dentin
Dissolution of pulp tissue
Neutralization of bacterial products
Acts as a lubricant
Used in conjunction with mechanical instrumentation - 93How many Orifices, Canals, and Foramina are found in Weine Type I root canal systems?1 Orifice
1 Canal
1 Foramen - 94How many Orifices, Canals, and Foramina are found in Weine Type II root canal systems?2 Orifices
2 Canals
1 Foramen - 95How many Orifices, Canals, and Foramina are found in Weine Type III root canal systems?2 Orifices
2 Canals
2 Foramina - 96How many Orifices, Canals, and Foramina are found in Weine Type IV root canal systems?1 Orifice
2 Canals
2 Foramina - 97How do you determine Working length?-Measure the tooth length Radiographically
-Subtract 1 mm from the radiographic length gives you Estimated working length
-Adjustment made if less than 1 mm - 98What is the Trial file for determining Working length?The size of the file used in determining Working length
- 99List the steps in Cleaning and Shaping1: Scout file
2: Orifice shaping
3: Crown-Down preparation
4: Working length determination
5: Glide path
6: WaveOne Final preparation - 100What is the Scout file? What do you do during Orifice shaping?Scout file: #10 or #15 Hand file taken to Midroot level
Orifice shaping: #3 or #4 Gates glidden bur used to enlarge the canal Orifice only
Information
- Description
- Praxis Flashcards: Endodontics Flashcards on Endodontics IX (100 Flash cards) , created by ACAPUN INSTITUTE on 03/08/2021.
- Created by
- ACAPUN INSTITUTE
- Views
- 35
- Rating