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Flashcards

Endodontics X (100 Flash cards)

ACAPUN INSTITUTE Flashcards: Endodontics Praxis Spanish 100 cards

After GP has filled the canal spaces, what is the next step?

Cards in this deck (100)

  1. 1What is Crown-down preparation (using WaveOne)?Using the WaveOne Primary file make 3 passes into the canal until the Midroot level is reached.
    Each pass is made in a pecking motion consisting of 2-3 mm advancements
    Each individual pass is followed by Cleaning flutes of the file, Irrigation, and Recapitulation with a small hand file    What is Crown-down preparation (using WaveOne)?
  2. 2When cleaning and shaping the canal what occurs during working length (WL) determination? How is the Glide path made?WL: Largest hand file that easily goes to the estimated WL
    Glide path: Hand files are used to instrument up to a maximum of a size #20 to the WL    When cleaning and shaping the canal what occurs during working length (WL) determination? How is the Glide path made?
  3. 3How is the WaveOne Final preparation made?2-3 mm advancements made into the canal until the WL is reached
    Clean flutes, Irrigate, and Recapitulate between each pass until the WL is reached with the Primary WaveOne file    How is the WaveOne Final preparation made?
  4. 4Define the following endodontic terms: Recapitulation Obturate InstrumentationRecapitulation: Reintroduction of small files during canal preparation to keep the Apical area clean and patent
    Obturate: To fill the shaped and cleaned canal space
    Instrumentation: Cleaning and shaping root canal spaces using hand or rotary instruments    Define the following endodontic terms: Recapitulation Obturate Instrumentation
  5. 5Instruments are used to _____ the canals while Irrigants are used to _____ the canalsShape
    Disinfect    Instruments are used to _____ the canals while Irrigants are used to _____ the canals
  6. 6After instrumentation what shape should the canals be? Why should the canals be shaped like this?Continuously tapering funnel shape allows Irrigants access to the apex of the root for complete DisinfectionAfter instrumentation what shape should the canals be? Why should the canals be shaped like this?
  7. 7List the Properties of an ideal endodontic instrumentFast to increase efficiency
    Efficacious: able to use in all situations
    Easy to use
    Flexible to maintain original canal shape
    Inexpensive
    Single file system
    Safe: low risk of fracture    List the Properties of an ideal endodontic instrument
  8. 8How are Hand files properly used? What motions should Not be used with hand files?Passively with an Up-down motion
    Don't Screw, Spin, or Force the hand files    How are Hand files properly used? What motions should Not be used with hand files?
  9. 9Most Hand files are made of _____. Most Rotary files are made of _____.Stainless steel
    Nickel-Titanium    Most Hand files are made of _____. Most Rotary files are made of _____.
  10. 10Most rotary files use a continuous rotary motion while WaveOne uses a ______ type motion. This type of motion grants WaveOne files a greater _____. The WaveOne decreases total shaping time by up to _____%.Reciprocating motion
    Greater Cyclic Fatigue resistance (smaller risk of file separation)
    40%    Most rotary files use a continuous rotary motion while WaveOne uses a ______ type motion. This type of motion grants WaveOne files a grea...
  11. 11Which direction does the WaveOne rotate and by how many degrees? (clockwise or counterclockwise) How many cycles will complete a 360° rotation?Moves Counterclockwise 150° (cutting dentin) then moves in a clockwise motion 30° (disengaging the file from dentin)
    3 cycles to complete 360° of counterclockwise rotation    Which direction does the WaveOne rotate and by how many degrees? (clockwise or counterclockwise) How many cycles will complete a 360° rot...
  12. 12Define the following terms regarding endodontic files: Pitch Helical anglePitch: # of cutting flutes per millimeter
    Helical angle: Angle of the cutting flutes    Define the following terms regarding endodontic files: Pitch Helical angle
  13. 13What is the Size and Taper of the Yellow, Red, and Black WaveOne filesYellow: Size 21, 0.06 mm taper
    Red: Size 25, 0.08 mm taper initially followed by 0.055 mm taper
    Black: Size 40, 0.08 mm taper initially followed by 0.045 mm taper    What is the Size and Taper of the Yellow, Red, and Black WaveOne files
  14. 14Which WaveOne file would you most likely use for the following 4 situations? 1: #10 K-file has trouble reaching WL 2: Maxillary Central incisor 3: #20 K-file easily reaches the WL 4: Maxillary 2nd Premolar, #10 K-file easily reaches WL1: Small file
    2: Large file
    3: Large file
    4: Primary file    Which WaveOne file would you most likely use for the following 4 situations? 1: #10 K-file has trouble reaching WL 2: Maxillary Central i...
  15. 15After initial instrumenting with the Primary WaveOne file you still haven't reached the working length. What should be done before reentering the canal with the Primary file?Wipe debris off the flutes of the Primary file
    Irrigate the canal again
    Recapitulate with smaller hand files to the working length    After initial instrumenting with the Primary WaveOne file you still haven't reached the working length. What should be done before reente...
  16. 16T/F WaveOne files may be forced down to working length to increase speed and efficiency. The Glide Path must be established with hand files Before inserting the WaveOne files to WL.1st False: Never force files
    2nd True    T/F WaveOne files may be forced down to working length to increase speed and efficiency. The Glide Path must be established with hand fil...
  17. 17List the circumstances where you would use Hand files in cleaning and shaping canalsWL determination
    Exploring orifices during access preparation
    Determining and Maintaining patency of canals (recapitulation)
    Pre-flaring tight orifices
    Initial apical preparation    List the circumstances where you would use Hand files in cleaning and shaping canals
  18. 18What hand file Sizes must never be used with any quarter turn pull movements?#8 and #10 files must only be used in an "in and out" motion. never turnWhat hand file Sizes must never be used with any quarter turn pull movements?
  19. 19The Dentin-pulp complex is developed from the _____, which is a specialized _____ tissueDental papilla
    Ectomesenchymal    The Dentin-pulp complex is developed from the _____, which is a specialized _____ tissue
  20. 20What cells produce the Dentin? Where are these cells found?Odontoblasts
    Found in the Pulp: outer border of the pulp    What cells produce the Dentin? Where are these cells found?
  21. 21The dental pulp is made up of soft tissue that reside in a ______ (compliant or non-compliant) environment with ______ (good or poor) collateral circulation.Non-compliant environment
    Poor circulation    The dental pulp is made up of soft tissue that reside in a ______ (compliant or non-compliant) environment with ______ (good or poor) col...
  22. 22List the Components of the Dental PulpCells
    Intercellular components
    Nerves
    Blood vessels
    Lymphatics    List the Components of the Dental Pulp
  23. 23List the different Zones or layers of the dental Pulp from outermost to innermostOdontoblast zone: (nerve endings and capillaries also found in this zone)
    Cell-free zone
    Cell-rich zone
    Central zone    List the different Zones or layers of the dental Pulp from outermost to innermost
  24. 24How does the shape of Odontoblasts change? Why?Changes depending on productive state
    Actively producing dentin: Columnar in shape
    Not actively producing dentin: Flattened shape    How does the shape of Odontoblasts change? Why?
  25. 25What are the prominent organelles of Odontoblasts?Rough ER
    Golgi complex
    Secretory vesicles: Ca²⁺ ion transport for dentin calcification    What are the prominent organelles of Odontoblasts?
  26. 26Ondontoblasts are connected together using _____. The most common cell within the dental pulp is the _____. Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells are most abundant in the _____ zoneTight junctions
    Fibroblast
    Cell-rich zone    Ondontoblasts are connected together using _____. The most common cell within the dental pulp is the _____. Undifferentiated mesenchymal ...
  27. 27What is the role of the Fibroblast within the dental pulp?Synthesize Collagen matrix and Ground substanceWhat is the role of the Fibroblast within the dental pulp?
  28. 28What immune cells are found within the pulp?Macrophages
    Lymphocytes
    Dendritic cells    What immune cells are found within the pulp?
  29. 29The intercellular components of the dental pulp include _____ and _____.Ground substance and FibersThe intercellular components of the dental pulp include _____ and _____.
  30. 30What makes up the Ground substance in dental pulp?*Proteoglycans*: hyaluronic acid, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate
    *Glycoproteins*: Fibronectin    What makes up the Ground substance in dental pulp?
  31. 31What makes up the Fibers found in dental pulp?*Collagen*: Type I (most abundant), Type III and type IV
    *Elastin*: walls of arterioles    What makes up the Fibers found in dental pulp?
  32. 32List the types of fibers that Innervate the pulpA fibers: Aδ and Aβ
    C fibers
    Sympathetic fibers    List the types of fibers that Innervate the pulp
  33. 33Dentin sensitivity can be described by the _____ theory of pain. Aδ fibers are _____ (myelinated or unmyelinated) and are responsible for _____ painHydrodynamic theory
    Myelinated
    Sharp, short pain    Dentin sensitivity can be described by the _____ theory of pain. Aδ fibers are _____ (myelinated or unmyelinated) and are responsible for...
  34. 34What is the role of large, myelinated Aβ fibers found in the pulp? Where are they located?Touch and Proproceptive sensation
    Found in the Apical ⅓ of the pulp    What is the role of large, myelinated Aβ fibers found in the pulp? Where are they located?
  35. 35C fibers are responsible for what type of pain?Deep, throbbing pain since they are small unmeylinated fibersC fibers are responsible for what type of pain?
  36. 36What is the role of Sympathetic fibers found in the dental pulp?Regulation of pulpal blood flowWhat is the role of Sympathetic fibers found in the dental pulp?
  37. 37How does the pulp change as an individual ages?Decreased pulp volume due to 2° dentin
    Decreased # of cells, innervation, and vasculature
    Increased calcification and collagen    How does the pulp change as an individual ages?
  38. 38What are the main types of pulpal calcification? Where are these types of calcification usually located?Pulp stones: usually found in the pulp chamber
    Diffuse calcification: usually found in the radicular pulp    What are the main types of pulpal calcification? Where are these types of calcification usually located?
  39. 39Periradicular tissues are developed from the _____. Periradicular tissues in include the _____, _____, and _____Dental Follicle (or dental sac)
    Cementum, PDL, and Alveolar bone    Periradicular tissues are developed from the _____. Periradicular tissues in include the _____, _____, and _____
  40. 40T/F The main function of cementum is to serve as an Attachment for the PDL. Cementum is Less resistant to resorption than bone.1st True
    2nd False: More resistant to resorption    T/F The main function of cementum is to serve as an Attachment for the PDL. Cementum is Less resistant to resorption than bone.
  41. 41Where is the Cemento-dentinal junction located?Found at the Narrowest part of the canal about 0.5 mm from the canal opening and about 1.0 mm from the radiographic apexWhere is the Cemento-dentinal junction located?
  42. 42What is the role of the PDL?Collagen fibers that Support the tooth and Absorb mastication forcesWhat is the role of the PDL?
  43. 43T/F The PDL has a Poor blood supply. The PDL has mechanoreceptors but no pain receptors.1st False: Rich blood supply
    2nd False: Has both mechanoreceptors and pain receptors    T/F The PDL has a Poor blood supply. The PDL has mechanoreceptors but no pain receptors.
  44. 44Teeth respond to dental caries on what 3 levels?Dentinal
    Odontoblastic
    Pulpal    Teeth respond to dental caries on what 3 levels?
  45. 45How does dentin respond to caries?Sclerotic dentin: calcification of the dentinal tubules
    Dead tract: empty dentinal tubules left from dead/withdrawn odontoblasts
    Tertiary dentin formation:    How does dentin respond to caries?
  46. 46What causes Periradicular inflammation?Irritants (microorganisms and their products) released from a severely inflamed or necrotic pulpWhat causes Periradicular inflammation?
  47. 47What are the main types of periapical lesions? Which one is the most common?Periapical Granuloma: most common
    Periapical Cyst
    Periapical Abscess    What are the main types of periapical lesions? Which one is the most common?
  48. 48There are more than _____ species of microorganisms that have been identified from the oral cavity. The pulp is protected from bacterial invasion by _____.600
    Enamel and cementum    There are more than _____ species of microorganisms that have been identified from the oral cavity. The pulp is protected from bacterial ...
  49. 49What are the pathways of Bacterial invasion of the Pulp?Enamel Cracks
    Dentinal tubules
    Pulpal exposure
    Deep periodontal pockets    What are the pathways of Bacterial invasion of the Pulp?
  50. 50What type of bacteria is predominantly found in pulpal infection? How are the types of bacteria distributed?Anaerobic bacteria
    Initially: aerobes in the coronal portion
    Intermediate progression: facultative anaerobes
    Advanced infection: Strict anaerobes extending to the apex    What type of bacteria is predominantly found in pulpal infection? How are the types of bacteria distributed?
  51. 51What is the major virulence factor in pulpal infection?Bacterial endotoxin: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
    Component of the cell wall of Gram negative bacteria    What is the major virulence factor in pulpal infection?
  52. 52What is the primary objective of Obturation?Seal the canal system to Prevent re-infectionWhat is the primary objective of Obturation?
  53. 53Gutta Percha (GP) is a rubber like material made up of a _____ isomer of ______. It is available is ____ formsTrans isomer of a Polyisoprene
    2 forms (α and β)    Gutta Percha (GP) is a rubber like material made up of a _____ isomer of ______. It is available is ____ forms
  54. 54List the Components of a GP cone and percentages of eachGutta-Percha: 20%
    Zinc Oxide: 60-75%
    Waxes, coloring, antioxidants, metallic salts: 15-20%    List the Components of a GP cone and percentages of each
  55. 55List the Radiographic criteria for an Acceptable obturationFill is Homogenous with No Voids
    Apical extent: 0.5-1 mm short of radiographic apex
    Coronal extent: Level with CEJ or Orifices
    Reflect quality of cleaning and shaping: continuously tapering funnel    List the Radiographic criteria for an Acceptable obturation
  56. 56What criteria must be met before a root canal can be Obturated?Patient must be asymptomatic
    Root canal must be thoroughly Cleaned and Shaped
    Root canal must be Dry and free of inflammatory exudates
    Appropriate Gutta percha cone selected    What criteria must be met before a root canal can be Obturated?
  57. 57How should you select and fit the master Gutta Percha (GP) cone?GP cone should match the WaveOne file (same color)
    GP cone should fit snugly in the apical ⅓ and extend to the working length (WL)    How should you select and fit the master Gutta Percha (GP) cone?
  58. 58What is the function of Bioceramic Sealer (BC sealer)?Used in combination with GP to seal the root canal system.
    Provides the interface between GP and the dentin    What is the function of Bioceramic Sealer (BC sealer)?
  59. 59T/F -BC sealer is radiolucent while GP is radiopaque. -BC sealer is a bacteriocidal agent. -The root canal should be moist with irrigant before BC sealer is applied. -BC sealer is hydrophilic.1st False: Both Radiopaque
    2nd True
    3rd False: Canal must be Dry before BC sealer application
    4th True    T/F -BC sealer is radiolucent while GP is radiopaque. -BC sealer is a bacteriocidal agent. -The root canal should be moist with irrigant ...
  60. 60List the Composition of BC sealerCalcium silicates
    Calcium phosphate monobasic
    Zirconium oxide
    Tantalum oxide
    Thickening agents    List the Composition of BC sealer
  61. 61What is the pH of BC sealer? Why does it have a pH at this level?pH = 12
    Highly basic making it Antibacterial    What is the pH of BC sealer? Why does it have a pH at this level?
  62. 62How long is the Working/setting time of BC sealer?Working time is 4 hours at room temp and in a moist canal
    Setting time >10 hours in dry conditions    How long is the Working/setting time of BC sealer?
  63. 63Describe how BC sealer should be appliedExpress sealer into the canal up to the orifice level: no deeper than the coronal half of the canal
    Insert #15 hand file into the canal to disperse the sealer
    Coat the tip of the GP cone with sealer and slowly insert to the WL    Describe how BC sealer should be applied
  64. 64What is the function of the D11T instrument?D11T Nickel Titanium spreader
    Laterally displaces the primary GP cone to create space for smaller Accessory GP cones if needed    What is the function of the D11T instrument?
  65. 65How are Accessory GP cones added to a root canal?D11T inserted alongside the main GP cone with Gentle pressure (excessive pressure may fracture the root)
    Tips of Accessory GP cones coated with BC sealer
    D11T removed and Accessory GP inserted into the space
    Process repeated until the spreader won't reach more than 2-3 mm into the canal    How are Accessory GP cones added to a root canal?
  66. 66What instrument is used to removed excess GP?Glick 1What instrument is used to removed excess GP?
  67. 67Describe how Excess GP is removedGlick 1 Spoon end heated
    GP seared off at the level of the Orifice
    Plugger end used to tamp down the GP into the canal
    Wet Cotton pellet used to wipe away any excess sealer out of the chamber    Describe how Excess GP is removed
  68. 68After GP has filled the canal spaces, what is the next step?Restore the tooth with a temporary restoration.
    Cavit is the most common temporary material used    After GP has filled the canal spaces, what is the next step?
  69. 69The commonly used endodontic sealers that we don't use are ZOE (zinc oxide eugenol), Resin, and Ca(OH)₂. What are the basic characteristics of each?ZOE: Inflammatory (more toxic), Setting time sensitive to humidity, absorbable, good flow
    Resin: Tacky with a Long setting time. low solubility
    Ca(OH)₂: Biocompatible, long setting time, antibacterial, Poor cohesive strength    The commonly used endodontic sealers that we don't use are ZOE (zinc oxide eugenol), Resin, and Ca(OH)₂. What are the basic characteristi...
  70. 70access opening of central incisoroval/triangular
    -one canal    access opening of central incisor
  71. 71access opening of lateral incisoroval
    -one canal    access opening of lateral incisor
  72. 72access opening of maxillary canineoval
    -one canal    access opening of maxillary canine
  73. 73access opening of mandibular centraloval
    -one canal 70%
    -two canals, one foramen 24%
    -two canals, two foramen 6%    access opening of mandibular central
  74. 74access opening of mandibular lateral incisoroval
    -one canal 56%
    -two canals, one foramen 14%
    -two canals, two foramen 30%    access opening of mandibular lateral incisor
  75. 75access opening of mandibular canineoval
    one canal, 94%
    two canals, two foramen 6%    access opening of mandibular canine
  76. 76access opening of max 1st premolaroval
    -one root 22%
    -two roots 88%
    -one canal 9%
    -two canals, one foramen 13%
    -two canals, two foramen 72%    access opening of max 1st premolar
  77. 77access opening of max 2nd premolaroval
    -one canal 75%
    -two canals, two foramen 24%
    -three canals 1%    access opening of max 2nd premolar
  78. 78access opening of mand 1st premolaroval
    -one canal, one foramen 73%
    -two canals, one foramen 7%
    -two canals, two foramen 20%    access opening of mand 1st premolar
  79. 79access opening of mand 2nd premolaroval
    -one canal, one foramen 86%
    -two canals, one foramen 2%
    -two canals, two foramen 12%    access opening of mand 2nd premolar
  80. 80access opening of max 1st molar-triangular
    -three canals 42%
    -four canals 56%
    -five canals 2%
    MB Root:
    -one canal, one foramen 42%
    -two canals, one foramen 40%
    -two canals, two foramen 18%    access opening of max 1st molar
  81. 81access opening of max 2nd molartriangular
    -three roots 54%
    -fused roots 46%
    -one canal, one foramen 63%
    -two canals, one foramen 13%
    -two canals, two foramens 24%    access opening of max 2nd molar
  82. 82access opening of mand 1st molartrapezoidal
    -roots two 98%
    -canals two 6%
    -canals three 65%
    -canals four 29%
    mesial canals: two canals, two foramen 59%
    distal canals: one canal 72%    access opening of mand 1st molar
  83. 83access opening of mand 2nd molartrapezoidal
    mesial
    - two canals, one foramen 49%
    Distal
    -one canal, one foramen 92%    access opening of mand 2nd molar
  84. 84reversible pulpitisa clinical diagnosis based upon subjective and objective findings indicating that the inflammation should resolve and the pulp return to normalreversible pulpitis
  85. 85symptomatic irreversible pulpitisclinical diagnosis based on subjective and objective findings indicating that the inflamed pulp is incapable of healing.
    Lingering thermal pain, spontaneouns pain, referred pain    symptomatic irreversible pulpitis
  86. 86asymptomatic irreversible pulpitisclinical diagnosis based on subjective and objective finds indicating that the inflamed pulp is incapable of healing.
    No clinical symptoms but inflammation produced by caries, caries excavation, trauma    asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis
  87. 87pulp necrosisclinical diagnostic category indicating death of the dental pulp. the pulp is usually nonresponsive to pulp testingpulp necrosis
  88. 88pulpal diagnosis-normal pulp
    -reversible puliptis
    -symptomatic pulpitis
    -asymptomatic pulpitis
    -pulp necrosis
    -previously treated
    -previously initiated therapy    pulpal diagnosis
  89. 89apical diagnosis-normal apical tissues
    -symptomatic apical periodontitis
    -asymptomatic apical periodontitis
    -acute apical abscess
    -chronic apical abscess
    -condensing osteitis    apical diagnosis
  90. 90symptomatic apical periodontitisinflammation, usually of apical periodontium, producing clinical symptoms including a painful response to biting/percussion or palpation. It may or may not be associated with an apical radiolucent area.symptomatic apical periodontitis
  91. 91asymptomatic apical periodontitisinflammation and destruction of apical periodontium that is of pulpal origin, appears as an apical radiolucent area, and does not produce clinical symptomsasymptomatic apical periodontitis
  92. 92acute apical abscessan inflammatory reaction to pulpal infection and necrosis characterized by rapid onset, spontaneous pain, tenderness of the tooth to pressure, pus formation and swelling of associated tissuesacute apical abscess
  93. 93chronic apical abscessinflammatory reaction to pulpal infection and necrosis characterized by gradual onset, little or no discomfort, and the intermittent discharge of pus through a sinus tractchronic apical abscess
  94. 94condensing osteitisdiffuse radiopaque lesions representing a localized bony reaction to a low-grade inflammatory stimulus, usually seen at apex of toothcondensing osteitis
  95. 95apical scarperiapical granuloma, cyst, abscess that heals with scar tissue. well circumscribed radiolucency resembing a granuloma. tooth is non vitalapical scar
  96. 96radicular cystoccurs in a preexisting granuloma. seldom is painful. radiolucency at apex of nonvital tooth.radicular cyst
  97. 97cementomamost frequently in the anterior region of the mandible. it starts as a RL then calcifies. the cementoma dose not affect pulp vitality. Also called periapical cemental dysplasiacementoma
  98. 98traumatic bone cyst-not true cyst
    -no epithelial lining
    -young people
    -asymptomatic
    -RL appears to scallop around teeth
    -teeth vital    traumatic bone cyst
  99. 99globulomaxillary cystjunction of globular and maxillary process of the maxilla, between the lateral incisor and canine roots.
    -teeth are vital    globulomaxillary cyst
  100. 100lateral periodontal cystoccurs on a lateral periodontal location and it is of developmental origin arising from cystic degeneration of clear cells of dental lamina. Tooth is vital.lateral periodontal cyst

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Praxis Flashcards: Endodontics Flashcards on Endodontics X (100 Flash cards), created by ACAPUN INSTITUTE on 03/08/2021.
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