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Dental public health III (100 Flash cards)

ACAPUN INSTITUTE Flashcards: Dental public health Praxis Spanish 100 cards

Dental public health III (100 Flash cards)

Cards in this deck (100)

  1. 1-CATALYST-provokes or speeds up change; knows what needs to happen and motivate others to transform theri opinions -SOLUTION GIVER-problem solver; maintain group rapport -RESOURCE LINKER-facilitator; link people with different professions -PROCESS HELPER-provides help where is is needed -ADVOCATE-educate, promote, lobby -CHANGE AGENT- causes changeroles and responsibilities of DH-CATALYST-provokes or speeds up change; knows what needs to happen and motivate others to transform theri opinions -SOLUTION GIVER-proble...
  2. 2TN Board of Dentistry7 DDS
    2DH
    1 DA
    1 citizen    TN Board of Dentistry
  3. 3habitbehavior that becomes automatichabit
  4. 4behavior changechange in behaviorbehavior change
  5. 5valuesideas and beliefs that influence a person's behaviorvalues
  6. 6target populationClearly identified segment of the populationtarget population
  7. 7Basic Screening Survey (BSS)A simple screening survey model for collecting oral health data to assess need and referral for dental care; developed by the ASTDD.Basic Screening Survey (BSS)
  8. 8Bar graphA simple bar graph, in which bars do not touch, used to display frequencies of nominal or ordinal data or the value of different but comparable items (categorical data).Bar graph
  9. 9CalibrationA process used to determine, check, rectify, or adjust a measurement device to increase the accuracy and precision of the measurements. Calibration is applied also to examiners or raters who are involved in data collection to achieve agreement with set criteria and a standard of performance.Calibration
  10. 10Clinical trialAn experimental study that tests the safety, efficacy, and/or effectiveness of 315procedures, therapies, drugs, or other interventions to prevent, screen for, diagnose, or treat disease in humans.Clinical trial
  11. 11CoalitionA cooperative, collaborative effort on the part of many diverse individuals and organizations that reflects a public-private partnership to build systems and develop programs that improve community health.Coalition
  12. 12Community Periodontal Index (CPI)An index to assess periodontal status of a population; includes measurements of gingival inflammation, bleeding, calculus, clinical attachment loss, and periodontal pockets.Community Periodontal Index (CPI)
  13. 13DataFacts or pieces of information used to calculate, analyze, or plan in the course of community program planning or research.Data
  14. 14DefluoridationWater treatment that reduces the level of fluoride in the community water when it is too high, to make it safe for human consumption.Defluoridation
  15. 15Dental indexAn abbreviated scale with definite upper and lower limits to measure the amount or severity of an oral disease or related condition in a population; both dental indexes and dental indices are used as the plural form.Dental index
  16. 16Dean's Fluorosis IndexThe conventional system used to assess for dental fluorosis, developed by Dr. Dean and consisting of categories of fluorosis; is the basis for other fluorosis indexes.Dean's Fluorosis Index
  17. 17Direct accessThe dental hygienist's right to initiate treatment based on his or her assessment of a patient's needs without the specific authorization of a dentist, to treat the patient without the presence of a dentist, and to maintain a provider-patient relationship.Direct access
  18. 18Direct supervisionThe level of supervision that requires that the dentist be present, examine the patient to authorize the work to be performed, and check it after.Direct supervision
  19. 19Early childhood caries (ECC) classificationClassification system for categorizing the severity of dental caries in children aged 71 months and younger (infants through age 5 years).Early childhood caries (ECC) classification
  20. 20Early Head StartHead Start program that serves children from birth to age 3 years.Early Head Start
  21. 21EpidemiologyThe study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states and events in specified populations and its application to the prevention and control of health problems.Epidemiology
  22. 22General supervisionSupervision of the dental hygienist in which the dentist does not have to be on the premises, but the patient must be one of record or seen by the dentist previously.General supervision
  23. 23Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI)A simple, easy-to-implement dental index used to determine the extent of interdental inflammation based on bleeding that occurs in response to passing unwaxed dental floss on each side of the papilla.Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI)
  24. 24Gingival Index (GI)/Modified Gingival Index (MGI)The GI is a core dental index to measure the severity of gingival inflammation based on clinical observation, pressing the probe on the gingiva to determine degree of firmness, and "walking" the probe inside the gingival sulcus; modified as the MGI by eliminating the probing.Gingival Index (GI)/Modified Gingival Index (MGI)
  25. 25Head StartA school-readiness program administered by the ACF that is designed to break the cycle of poverty by providing a comprehensive early learning program for preschool aged children of low-income families; oral health is addressed by Head Start.Head Start
  26. 26Healthy People 2020A dynamic national compilation of measurable 10-year health goals and objectives for prevention of disease and promotion of health that identify current nationwide health improvement priorities and are applicable at the national, state, and local levels.Healthy People 2020
  27. 27IncidenceThe rate of new cases of a disease or health condition in a population at risk during a designated period.Incidence
  28. 28Leading Health Indicators (LHI)A smaller set of Healthy People 2020 objectives selected to communicate the highest priority health issues and actions that can be taken to address them.Leading Health Indicators (LHI)
  29. 29MedicaidA joint state-federal financed program that is administered by the states to provide comprehensive medical coverage for individuals within certain income limits; includes oral healthcare coverage for children of low-income families and limited dental coverage for adults in some states.Medicaid
  30. 30MedicareA federal health insurance program that provides comprehensive health care for adults ages 65 and older; is not a source of financing of oral health care unless it is medically necessary.Medicare
  31. 31National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)A program of survey research studies that uniquely combines interviews and physical examinations to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children, including oral diseases and conditions.National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
  32. 32Observational researchA classification of research studies that involves systematic observation of study participants' behaviors, actions, or other exposures to disease-related factors without influencing or interfering with the variables; no variable is manipulated.Observational research
  33. 33Oral health educatorA role in which the dental hygienist works to prevent disease and to promote oral health through the process of teaching them about oral health.Oral health educator
  34. 34Oral health indicatorsQuantifiable characteristics of a population used by researchers to describe the oral health of a population; they generally line up with Healthy People 2020 objectives and are tracked by the National Oral Health Surveillance System.Oral health indicators
  35. 35Peer reviewProcess used by scientific journals to validate research and evaluate submitted manuscripts; consists of review by a group of experts in the same field.Peer review
  36. 36Periodontal Disease Index (PDI)A classic, composite periodontal index that is no longer recommended for use because of the current understanding that gingivitis and periodontitis are two different disease entities.Periodontal Disease Index (PDI)
  37. 37Pilot study/pilot testingPerformance of a preliminary research study or trial run of a community program in preparation for a major study or large-scale community program.Pilot study/pilot testing
  38. 38Primary preventionServices that are designed to prevent a disease before it occurs; includes health education, avoidance of disease, and health protection.Primary prevention
  39. 39Qualitative dataInformation that reflects the quality or nature of things that cannot be measured or analyzed numerically and must be expressed in words, such as interview responses.Qualitative data
  40. 40Public healthThe science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health and efficiency within a population through organized community efforts; concerned with protecting the health of entire populations, not just individuals.Public health
  41. 41Qualitative researchBroad category of research that answers questions of why and how; focuses on exploring issues, understanding phenomena, and answering questions by analyzing qualitative data.Qualitative research
  42. 42Quantitative dataInformation that is objective and measurable; can be measured and expressed as a quantity or amount (numbers).Quantitative data
  43. 43Quantitative researchBroad category of research that involves the systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena through mathematical, computational, or statistical techniques.Quantitative research
  44. 44ReferralAn essential component of assessment and screening and an ethical obligation when a need for dental care is observed; without further observation and referral for care, screening is ineffective.Referral
  45. 45ReliabilityThe extent to which a measurement gives consistent results; an essential component of validity.Reliability
  46. 46ResearcherA role in which the dental hygienist uses scientific methods to acquire knowledge on topics relevant to serving the needs of the public's oral health.Researcher
  47. 47Root Caries Index (RCI)Dental index to measure cavitated root caries lesions using an epidemiologic examination.Root Caries Index (RCI)
  48. 48SampleA portion or subset of the entire population.Sample
  49. 49School-based oral health programAn oral health program that offers services at the school, via school clinics with stationary equipment, in a room in the school building using portable equipment, or in a mobile van parked at the school; may provide one or a combination of the following: screening, sealants, fluoride treatment, oral health education, other primary preventive services, clinical and radiographic examination, restorative services, and extractions.School-based oral health program
  50. 50Scope of practiceThe procedures that an oral health professional is permitted to practice according to the state statuteScope of practice
  51. 51Secondary preventionServices that are designed to slow the progression of a disease or its sequelae at any point after its inception; includes detection and treatment of disease or injury as soon as possible to halt or slow its progress.Secondary prevention
  52. 52SMART + C objectivesAcronym for criteria that are used as a guide for setting program objectives: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Timed, and Challenging.SMART + C objectives
  53. 53Socioeconomic statusThe social standing or status of a person or group in a community or society on a social-economic scale, measured by factors such as education, type of occupation, income, wealth, and place of residence.Socioeconomic status
  54. 54State oral health program (SOHP)A state-level dental public health program under the organizational structure of the state health department; also referred to as state dental public health program.State oral health program (SOHP)
  55. 55StatisticA numeric characteristic of a sample.Statistic
  56. 56Statistical significanceA value that expresses the probability that the results of data analysis from a given research study could be occurring purely because of chance.Statistical significance
  57. 575 ADA Principles of Ethics and Code of Professional ConductAutonomy,
    Non Maleficence,
    Beneficence
    Justice
    Veracity    5 ADA Principles of Ethics and Code of Professional Conduct
  58. 586 Stages of Changeprecontemplation
    contemplation
    preparation
    action
    maintenance
    termination    6 Stages of Change
  59. 594 aspects motivational interviewingOARS
    Open qns
    Affirmation
    Reflective listening
    Summarizing    4 aspects motivational interviewing
  60. 603. Types of Prevention of oral diseasesPrimary- community level
    Secondary- restoration
    Tertiary- Prosthodontics    3. Types of Prevention of oral diseases
  61. 61fluoride toxicity RULE of 5sToxic dose is 5mg/kg
    Lethal does is 5g for adult    fluoride toxicity RULE of 5s
  62. 62HEPATITIS types and causeA- feco -oral
    B- contaminated food
    C- contaminated food
    D- direct contact, prior inf with HBV
    E- feco-oral
    MNEMONIC- Contaminated Blood- fEcAl-oral    HEPATITIS types and cause
  63. 633 types behavioral learningclassical conditioning
    operant conditioning
    observational learning    3 types behavioral learning
  64. 644 FDA drug approval phases1- 20-100 volunteers, SAFETY and DOSING
    2- several hundred, EFFICACY and SIDE EFFECTS
    3- hundred to thousands, EFFICACY and ADVERSE REACTIONS
    4- thousands, LONG TERM OUTCOMES and LONG TERM SIDE EFFECTS    4 FDA drug approval phases
  65. 65BupivacaineHIGHEST pkA
    Longest duration of action    Bupivacaine
  66. 66Warfarininterferes with vitamin K dependent clotting factors (II,VII,IX,X)
    Inhibits formation of PROTHROMBIN    Warfarin
  67. 67Benzodiazepineseffect on GABA receptors (receptor in CNS that allows Cl- transfer)- SEDATIVE effectsBenzodiazepines
  68. 68LeukotrienesChemical substances that contribute to anaphylaxis; released by the immune system in allergic reactions.Leukotrienes
  69. 69Epipen JR and Epipen ADULT dosesJR- 0.15mg of epinephrine
    Adult- 0.3 mg of epinephrine
    Emergency- 1mg/ml    Epipen JR and Epipen ADULT doses
  70. 70Pica definitionEating not food items for over a monthPica definition
  71. 715 domains of pediatric management- Physical
    - Pharmacological
    - Reward oriented
    - Aversive
    - Linguistic    5 domains of pediatric management
  72. 72Dental effects on BULIMIA pt- Erosion on lingual aspects of MAXILLARY INCISORS (due to vomiting)
    - Enlargement of the PAROTID GLAND    Dental effects on BULIMIA pt
  73. 73Treatment for Bulimia effectsAfter purging episode, rinse with BAKING SODA WATER (neutralize the stomach acids)Treatment for Bulimia effects
  74. 74INR valuesNormal- 1
    Therapeutic- 2-3
    Mechanical Heart Valve- 3.5    INR values
  75. 753 aspects of Autism Spectrum Disorder- Autism
    - Aspergers
    - Pervasive Devt Disorder- Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)    3 aspects of Autism Spectrum Disorder
  76. 76ASA Physical Status Classification1. Healthy person.
    2. Mild systemic disease.
    3. Severe systemic disease.
    4. Severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life.
    5. A moribund person who is not expected to survive without the operation.
    6. A declared brain-dead person whose organs are being removed for donor purposes.    ASA Physical Status Classification
  77. 77ASA classification of BP1- <140, <90
    2- 140-159, 90-94
    3- 160-199, 95-114
    4- 200+, 115+    ASA classification of BP
  78. 785 Health Programs in the USAMEDICAID- poor (Federal+state)
    MEDICARE- Elderly (Federal)
    SOCIAL SECURITY- age>65 years (govt benefits)
    TRICARE- uniformed service members/retired and families
    CHIP- children <18 years    5 Health Programs in the USA
  79. 793 core functions of public health1. Assessment
    2. Policy Development
    3. Assurance    3 core functions of public health
  80. 80Incidence definition. Measured by?number of new cases
    COHORT STUDY    Incidence definition. Measured by?
  81. 81Prevalence definition. Measured by?The number of existing cases
    CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY    Prevalence definition. Measured by?
  82. 82MorbidityillnessMorbidity
  83. 83epidemicA widespread outbreak of an infectious disease.epidemic
  84. 84mortalitydeathmortality
  85. 854 steps in Vicious cycle of dental anxiety (4)- Fear, Anxiety
    - Avoidance of dental care
    - Deterioration of dentition
    - Feelings of guilt, shame and inferiority    4 steps in Vicious cycle of dental anxiety (4)
  86. 86cross-sectional studya study in which people of different ages are compared with one another( ONE TIME)
    - PREVALENCE    cross-sectional study
  87. 87longitudinal studyresearch in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long periodlongitudinal study
  88. 882 types of longitudinal studiesCase control (odds ratio)
    Cohort- INCIDENCE. Prospective vs Retrospective    2 types of longitudinal studies
  89. 89ReliabilityPrecisionReliability
  90. 90ValidityaccuracyValidity
  91. 91SensitivityDiseaseSensitivity
  92. 92SpecificityHealthSpecificity
  93. 93If p < 0.05 then?Reject the null hypothesis. SIGNIFICANTIf p &lt; 0.05 then?
  94. 94If p > 0.05 then?Accept the null hypothesis, NOT SIGNIFICANTIf p &gt; 0.05 then?
  95. 95Chi squared testAssociation between 2 categorical values
    QUALITATIVE    Chi squared test
  96. 963 types QUANTITATIVE tests- T-test- small sample size (difference between 2 MEANS)
    - Z-test- large sample size (difference between 2 MEANS)
    - ANOVA (analysis of variance)- difference between 2 OR MORE MEANS    3 types QUANTITATIVE tests
  97. 97Type 1 errorfalse positiveType 1 error
  98. 98Type 2 errorfalse negativeType 2 error
  99. 99LOWEST to HIGHEST biasSystematic Reviews
    Randomized Control Trials
    Cohort
    Case control
    Cross sectional
    Case reports
    Mechanical studies
    Expert opinions    LOWEST to HIGHEST bias
  100. 1003 rules of HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)- Privacy Rule
    - Security Rule
    - Data breach notification Rule    3 rules of HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)

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Praxis Flashcards: Dental public health Flashcards on Dental public health III (100 Flash cards), created by ACAPUN INSTITUTE on 04/08/2021.
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