Flashcards
Art History Midterm
Cards in this deck (38)
- 1—Step Pyramid of Djoser
2630-2610
Imhotep
Saqqara, Egypt
limestone bricks
-tallest tomb structure
-Old Kingdom
-steps lift Djoser's spirit to the afterlife
-mastaba built first
-much larger complex surrounded - 2—Menkaure and his Queen
2480 BCE
Unknown artist
Pyramid Complex at Giza, Egypt
graywacke
-Old Kingdom
-grounded in material=powerful
-graywacke=Osiris (god of transition to afterlife)
- 3—Kroisos Kouros
530 BCE (Archaic)
Unknown artist
Anavyssos, Greece
marble
-same stance as Menkaure but more relaxed
-archaic smile characteristic of Archaic period
-in the round
-naturalism style
- 4—Doryphoros
440 BCE (Classical)
Polykleitos
Greece
marble copy
-contrapposto
-shows naturalistic, but idealized figure
-inspiration for Augustus and Roman art
-Classical artists were interested in movement
- 5—Last Judgement of Hunefer
1280 BCE
Unknown Artist
Tomb of Hunefer, Thebes, Egypt
painted papyrus scroll
-Hunefer is going thru the stages of judgement to get to the afterlife
-repetition of Anubis & Hunefer show storyline
-reads like a comic book
-Osiris in his own box
-heart must balance with feather "what is right" to go on to afterlife
- 6—Black figure amphora w/ Achilles & Ajax playing cards
530 BCE
Exekias
Greece
clay slip
-tells a story like Hunefer but frozen, no progression
-feeling of "what happens next?" --> storyline into the future
-theme that Achilles is always one step ahead of Ajax
-foreshadow of Achilles heel story
- 7—Parthenon at the Acropolis
440 BCE
Iktinos and Kallikrates
Acropolis, Athens
marble
-Classical Greece
-dedicated to Athena, the protector of Athens
-Doric order
-symbolic of Athenian democracy
-new version of Old Parthenon that was destroyed in the Persian War
-x=2y+1
-columns spacing: A:B:C:C:C:B:A
- 8—South Metope showing the battle between men & centaurs
440 BCE
Phidias
Parthenon, Athens
marble
-centaur is losing, he's old and struggling
-man is young, winning and looking so graceful
-symbolic of the power of man
- 9—Portrait of a Roman General from Tivoli
60 BCE
Unknown artist
Italy, Roman Republic
marble
-hyper idealized young body
-old face=wisdom
-showing that this man has the best of both worlds: sexy and wise
-Hellenistic hero nudity
- 10—Augustus of Primaporta
20 BCE
Unknown artist
Primaporta, Italy, Roman Empire
marble copy
-authority statue shows power
-propoganda
-inspired by Doryphoros
-breastplate shows Augustus the Redeemer redeeming Rome's military standards
-combo of Greek idealism and Roman naturalism
- 11—Curriculum of the Villa of Publius Fannius Synistor
50 BCE
Unknown artist
Bosoreale, Italy, Roman Empire
fresco
-functioned as a bedroom
-country home for rich people
-shows linear perspective
-shows rich landscape
- 12—The Pantheon
120 CE
Unknown artist
Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
brick faced concrete walls w/ concrete dome
-served as Roman temple
-oculus
-made to beautify city
-and intimidate outside forces
-Corinthian columns
- 13—Representation of Mt. Wutai
950 Tang
Unknown artist
West wall of Dunhuang cave
dry fresco wall painting
-scene of Buddha achieving nirvana
-home of Buddha
-Dunhuang was pilgrimage site in desert
-ppl paid money to caves as good deeds in exchange for karmic life
-surrounded by Bodhisattvas
-map, use of linear perspective
-dedicated to Monshuri, Bodhisattava of Wisdom
- 14—Emperor Minghuang's Journey into Shu
800 Song
Li Zhaodao
Taipai, Taiwan
ink and color on silk
-Minghuang fled throne from threat of takeover
-Green and blue landscape piece
-visual storyboard (figures repeating)
- reads right to left
-Minghuang bottom right
- 15—Travelers by Streams and Mountains
1000 Song
Fan Kuan
Taiwan
hanging scroll, ink on silk
-mountains are veins of energy CHI
-Neo Confucian---> self cultivation
-landscape is microcosm of orderly Confucian society
- 16—Map of Tenochtitlán
1524
commissioned by Hernan Cortes
Mexico City
woodcut
-center shows Great Temple of Tenochtitlan (Templo Mayor)
-two temples of Tlaloc and Huitzilopochtli (rain and sun/war gods)
-surrounded by lake, royal palaces, homes, divided into quarters by 4 roads
-European depiction of Aztec city design
- 17—Recreation of the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan/Templo Mayor
15th C.
Unknown artist
Mexico City, Mexico
-top of temple divides to 2 mini temples
-Tlaloc (rain and fertility)
-Huitzilopochtli (sun and war)
-Nahua(race) and Nahuatl(language)
-sacrifices happened regularly according to calendar
-ball court and skull rack at bottom of twin temples
-serve as a place for the reenactment of the mythical conflict
-Huitzilopochti killed his sister Coyolxauhqui and threw her body parts down the stairs as they landed on the great stone disk
- 18—Coyolxauhqui from the Templo Mayor
1470
Unknown artist
Mexico City
stone
-only the royal could
-stone unto which sacrificial body parts landed on
-round and low relief
-Aztecs believed blood could sustain life
-Nudity shows embarrassment
-Sister of Huit.
- 19—Coatlicue, from Tenochtitlán
1500
Unknown artist
Mexico City
andesite
-Mother statue goddess
-only royal could view
-skulls and bones necklace for sacrifice
-serpent skirt and gold plated belt shows status
-placed on ground near temple to intimidate
-10 ft tall
- 20—Remains of the Coricancha/Qorikancha
15th C.
Pachacuti
Cuzco, Peru
stone
-ORIG. most divine temple dedicated to Inti (sun)
-now is Church of Santo Domingo
-Inca stonework survives and inspires Spanish colonial style
-used to be covered in gold and gold statues mummies
-layout of Cuzco radiated out like Sun
-Inca structures meant to blend into landscape
- 21—All-T'oqapu Tunic
1450
Unknown artist
Inka empire
camelid fiber and cotton
-T'oqapu are the square motifs
-these designs could only be worn by the most high ranking
-checker pattern is pattern worn by army; signifies their military power
-collection of many patterns shows the Sapa Inka (ruler) had complete command of the land and ppl
- 22—Dome of the Rock
690 CE
Abd al-Malik
Jerusalem
gold, mosaics, wood dome, stone
-dome is illuminated by gold
-Site where Abraham offers his son Isaac as a sacrifice
-Site where Muhammed ascended to Heaven
-geometric shapes and vegetal patterns replace figural representation of Allah since they don't believe he can be shown any other way
- 23—Original mosaics showing vegetal motifs and calligraphy, interior of Dome of the Rock
690 CE
Abd al-Malik
Jerusalem
mosaics tile, gold
-geometric shapes and vegetal patterns replace figural representation of Allah since they don't believe he can be shown any other way
-symmetric
-calligraphy shows divine mandate of God in gold
-the "rock" is the very place where Muhammed ascended
- 24—Mihrab of the Great Mosque of Córdoba
960 CE
Abd al-Rahman
Cordoba, Spain
sundried blocks, gold, mosaics
-mihrab= niche on qibla wall always facing Mecca
-qibla= direction facing Mecca in which to pray
-Horseshoe arch
-gold tesserae (glass with gold leaf back) on arch
-vegetal patterns and ornament
- 25—Hypostyle prayer hall of the Great Mosque of Córdoba
960 CE
Abd al-Rahman
Cordoba, Spain
stone and red brick
-hypostyle=room filled w/ columns
-corinthian columns
-in front of qibla wall
-two tiered arches create infinite effect
- 26—Folio from the Blue Qur'an
9th C.
Unknown artist
Tunisia
gold and silver on indigo dyed parchment
-3 royal opulent colors
-importance of aesthetics---> words are stretched to fit
-calligraphy is highest form of art
-Arabic the language God spoke to Muhammed
- 27—The death of King Harold at the Battle of Hastings (detail), Bayeux Tapestry
1070
embroidered wool on linen
-after Edward's death Harold becomes king
-After Harold's death William becomes king
-William invades England and kills Harold
-arrow in his eyeball
- 28—Last Judgment, Tympanum, Central Portal on West facade of the Cathedral of St. Lazare
1130
Gislebertus
Autun, France
stone
-Jesus is in the center on a throne inside a mandorla, which forms a fully body halo
-4 angels surrounding mandorla hold Christ up, showing divinity
-ppl on christ's left are the damned, ppl on the right are the blessed
- 29—Barrel vault with rounded arches, nave of Saint-Sernin Cathedral
1070
Unknown
Toulouse, France
brick
-Romanesque
-barrel vault with rounded arches
-long brick buttresses support the walls
- 30—Ribbed vault with pointed arches, nave of Chartres Cathedral
1145
Chartres, France
limestone
-Gothic
-barrel vault w/ pointed arches can stand up on their own; lighter in weight than Romanesque
-allowed for more slender columns and wider windows; allowed more light to come in
-light expressed purity of god.
-blue light shined through stained blue glass windows representing light of heaven
- 31—Portals and Tympanum, Chartres Cathedral
1145
Chartres, France
limestone
-Gothic
-right: Jesus earthly life
-left: second coming of Christ (Ascension)
-center: the End of Times as in book of Revelations
- 32—The Lamentation, Arena Chapel
1305
Giotto di Bondone
Arena Chapel, Cappella Scrovegni, Padua, Italy
blue background: lapis lazuli dry fresco
the rest: wet fresco
-everybody is reacting to Jesus being taken off cross
-Mother mary cradling head
-Mary Magdelena holds feet
-tree is alegory of Jesus's life (will rise again)
-angels are foreshortened
-focal point is jesus
-explores the emotional range of humans
- 33—David, from Piazza della Signoria
1500
Michelangelo
Florence, Italy
marble
-young warrior before battle
-large feet and hands allude to victory
-placed in public square
-17 ft
-contrapposto
- 34—David, from the Palazzo Medici
1440
Donatello
Florence, Italy
bronze
-first Ren. sculptor to do nude sculpture
-David is victorious over Goliath... stepping on head
-boy
-proportionate
- 35—Last Supper, Refectory, Santa Maria delle
Grazie
1495
Leonardo da Vinci
Milan, Italy
oil and tempera on plaster
-Jesus and 12 deciphiles
-Jesus has just said "one of you will betray me"
-everybody is gossiping who will it be
-window acts as halo
-Judas lowkey reveals himself (moneybag)
-correlates w/ shadow & perspective of refectory room
- 36—School of Athens, Apostolic Palace
1510
Raphael
Vatican, Rome, Italy
fresco
-meeting of all important Ren. philosophers and figures
-Plato and Aristotle are central figures
-Plato points to Heaven w. book in hand
-Aristotle gestures to Earth , carries book of Ethics
-Michelangelo as Heraclitus
-epitome of the REN art..... perfect contouring and symmetry
-calm reason and balance and humanism
-Raphael places himself w/ scientists and maths.
- 37—Libyan Sibyl, from the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
1510
Michelangelo
Vatican, Rome, Italy
fresco
-symmetrical
-places prophecy book down, looks confident; showing clarity of prophecy of coming king born from a virgin
-contrapposto
-juxtaposition of elements going in all directions
-harmonious movement
-lavender alludes to color of divinity
- 38—The Last Judgement, altar wall of Sistine Chapel
1530
Michelangelo
Vatican, Rome Italy
fresco
-Protestant reformation has begun when he begins Last Judgement
-M. thinks hes doomed bcuz he creates art that has to do with nudity
(portrait of him as st. bartholemew)
-above altar wall
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- Flashcards on Art History Midterm, created by Nadian Singer on 05/10/2017.
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- Nadian Singer
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