Flashcards
PHIL 201 MIDTERM EXAM
Cards in this deck (26)
- 1Define "Argument" PM1A series of statements, the last of which, the conclusion, is supposed to follow from the others, the premises
- 2Define "Valid Argument" PM1An argument is valid if all of it's premises are true while being in a logical form. If the premises are true then the conclusion must be true.
- 3Define "Sound Argument" PM1An argument is sound if all of the premises are true and the argument is valid.
- 4P1: P -> Q P2: P C: QModus Ponens
PM1 - 5P1: P -> Q P2: ~Q C: PModus Tollens
PM1 - 6P1: P V Q P2: ~Q C: PDisjunctive Syllogism
PM1 - 7P1: P -> Q P2: Q -> R P3: P C: RMultiple Modus Ponens
PM1 - 8P1: P -> Q P2: Q -> R P3: ~R C: ~PMultiple Modus Tollens
PM1 - 9P1: P -> Q P2: Q -> R C: P -> RHypothetical Syllogism
PM1 - 10What is the fundamental project in the normative ethics of behavior? R1To be able to discover, formulate, and defend a theory that:
1. Provides necessary and sufficient conditions for the moral rightness of actions
2. Identifies the right making feature of those actions - 11Define "Necessary Condition" R1A condition that is required in order to fit into a specific category
Ex. Being a mammal is a necessary condition to being a human - 12Define "Sufficient Condition" R1A condition that, if satisfied, guarantees it fits into a specific category
Ex. Being a human is a sufficient condition to being a mammal - 13What is a "wrong" action? R1If it is not right to perform that action
- 14What is an "obligatory" action? R1If it is not right to not perform that action
- 15What does a complete theory in the normative ethics of behavior look like? R1An action is morally right just in case (and because) it is X
Or...
All and only right actions are X; such actions are right because they are X - 16Define "Cultural Relativism" R1The view that an act is morally right just because it is allowed by the guiding ideals of the society in which it is performed, and immoral just because it is forbidden by those ideals
- 17Define "Subjectivism" R1This the idea that "our own mental activity is the only unquestionable fact of our experience, instead of shared or communal, and that there is no external or objective truth
- 18Explain how the infallibility argument is applied to CR and S R1CR: Cannibalism is OK in some communities of people, but morally speaking it is never OK to eat another human
S: Hitler thought committing genocide was an acceptable practice. For obvious reasons, it is not - 19Define "Ethical Objectivism" R2This is the view that there are some objective moral standards that apply to everyone, even if people don't believe that they do, and even if obeying them fails to satisfy a person's desires
- 20Define "Divine Command Theory" MR1The view that an act is morally required just because it is commanded by God, and immoral just because God forbids it
- 21Define "Perfect" (DCT) MR1If someone possesses all virtues to the highest degree
- 22Define "Rational" (DCT) MR1If someone never acts without reason
- 23Define "Arbitrary" (DCT) MR1Someone commands us to perform X but has no reason to do so
- 24Define "Natural Law Theory" NL1the normative ethical view hat says that actions are right if and only if they are natural, and wrong if and only if they are unnatural
- 25Define "Psychological Egoism" E1The view that all human actions are motivated by self-interest and that altruism is impossible
Altruism - the direct care and concern to improve the well-being of someone other than yourself - 26Define "Ethical Egoism" E2The normative ethical theory that says that actions are morally right because they maximize self-interest
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- Philosophy 201 Flashcards on PHIL 201 MIDTERM EXAM, created by Dylan Waggoner on 10/10/2017.
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