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| Question | Answer |
| Stimuli that activates the taste sensation are called _____. | Tastants. |
| Taste is also called ______. | Gustation. |
| Five tastes and portion of tongue: | 1. sour (sides of tongue) 2. sweet ( anterior crescent) 3. bitter (back of tongue) 4. salty (anterior and side) 5. oleogustus (fatty) |
| Taste cells are located in taste buds. There are about ______ taste celle per taste bud. They wear out every _____. Total of _______ taste buds. | 100. wear out every 1-2 weeks. 4,000 taste buds. |
| T/F: The taste cells are first order neurons. | F. The 1st order neurons are located in the afferent nerve fibers at the bottom of taste cells. |
| ______ papillae are best stimulated by bitter, while ____ papillae are best stimulated by sour and salty, _____ papillae are best stimulated by sweet, salty and umami. | Bitter: circumvallate Sour and salty: foliate sweet, sour, umami: fungiform |
| The circumvallate papillae and foliate papillae are located in the _____ of tongue, they are innvervated by ________. | posterior 2/3. Innervated by CN IX glossopharyngeal. |
| The fungiform papillae are located in the _____ of the tongue, they are innervated by ________. | Anterior 2/3. Innervated by CN VII facial+intermediate. |
| _______ is in charge of the larynx, epiglottis, and pharynx movements. | CN X (vagus) |
| T/F: There is NO decussation in taste pathway. | T. |
| Map out the 3-neuron road map of taste | See slides |
| Cell body of 1st degree sensory neuron lie in the ________. | PNS ganglion. |
| Location of 2nd degree cell body lies in the ____________ located in the (caudal/rostral) medulla. | Rostral solitary nucleus located in the rostral medulla. |
| The tract where the 2nd degree axons ascend is ________. | Central tegmental tract. |
| 2nd degree neuron synapses with 3rd degree neuron in the _______ of thalamus. | VPM |
| Where does the 3rd degree neuron go to? | 1. insula 2. frontal operculum |
| Solitary nucleus is also called the _______. Frontal operculum and insula are also called the ______. | gustatory nucleus. gustatory cortex. |
| Map out the pathway of taste on 1) cross-section cuts of the brainstem. 2) 2-d sketches of brainstem and tongue. | Anterior 2/3 tongue--> chorda tympani nerve (cb in geniculate ganglion) --> intermediate nerve (CN VII) Posterior 1/3 tongue (cb in inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion) --> glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) Pharynx/larynx/ epiglottis --> cb in inferior vagal ganglion --> vagus nerve (CN X) |
| Solitary tract contains the (1st degree/ 2nd degree) axons from CN VII, IX, and X) | 1st. |
| Solitary nucleus contains (1st degree/ 2nd degree) cell bodies. | 2nd degree |
| Identify central tegmental tract on the cross-section of the rostral medulla. | See slide 7. |
| Identify location of central tegmental tract in caudal and rostral pons/mid brain | See slide 9/10 |
| The 3rd order axon passes through the _____ limb of the internal capsule. | posterior |
| Air from outside into nose is called _______ while air from pharynx to nose is called ______. | Orthonasal Retronasal |
| Olfactory sensory neurons are _____receptors. | chemo |
| The 1st order sensory neurons are (monopolar/bipolar), (myelinated/unmyelinated) neuron. | Bipolar, unmyelinated. |
| The olfactory nerve endings reside in the _________. | Mucosa. |
| The olfactory nerve fascicles have to travel through _____ to get into the telencephalon. | Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone. |
| T/F: There is no ganglion for the olfactory nerves. | T. |
| The olfactory bulb lies in the ___________. | Telencephalon. |
| The olfactory circuit is a __-neuron circuit, with ___ order neurons. | 2 2 |
| What are the goals of the olfactory circuit? | 1. sharpens detection of ordors 2. visceral (ANS, appetite, behaviour) ANS, appetite and behaviour. 3. emotional goals 4. discriminate/conscious perception and higher order discrimination 5. memory function |
| Screwed with my good friend's experence k | exp |
| Draw the odorant pathway. Which tract does it travel in? | See slide 15. Olfactory tract. |
| How many different orders can we smell? | 10,000 diff smells. |
| Turn over rate of olfactory neurons. | 1-2 months. |
| The dendrites synapse with the 2nd order neuron's in the ________. | Glomeruli. |
| We can differentiate about ______ ordors. | 10,000 |
| Collection of active glomeruli for a specific ordor is called the _________. | Odorant map |
| Where do the 2nd order axons in the olfactory tract project to? | 1. anterior olfactory nucleus 2. amygdala 3. olfactory tubercle 4. piriform cortex (parahippocampal gyrus) 5. hippocampus in entorhinal cortex |
| ______ is associated with sharpening detection of chemicals | Anterior olfactory nucleus |
| ____ is associated with emotion related to the smell. | amygdala (limbic system) |
| _______ is associated with visceral responses such as ANS, appetite, and behavior related to the smell. | olfactory tubercle |
| __________ is associated with 1st degree sensory perception. | piriform cortex aka the orbitofrontal olfactory cortex (in the hippocampal gyrus) |
| _________ is associated with memory with the smell. | entorhinal cortex (relaying to hippocampus) |
| The olfactory tract splits into ____ and ___________. | medial and lateral striae |
| Locate the uncus, piriform cortex, and other structures in the inferior view of the cerebrum. | See slide 17. |
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