Flashcards
Lecture 10 Visual Pathways
Cards in this deck (49)
- 1T/F: Retinal ganglion cells are peripheral sensory neurons.F. Central. (Arise from CNS)
- 2In the 5 vesicle stage, the optic cups are connected to the _______. They become the _______ in the later stage.Diencephalon.
Retina. - 3_______ has the greatest density of visual receptors.The fovea
- 4Photoreceptors are the (innermost/outermost) layer of the eye.Outermost
- 5Types of photoreceptors and their functions.Cones: color and visual acuity (red green blue)
Rods: density/brightness - 6Three layers of the cells in the eye from out to innermost.1. photoreceptors
2. bipolar neuron
3. ganglion cell - 7T/F: Photoreceptors are the 1st order neurons of the optic pathway.F. (ganglion cells)
- 8The ______ has very high density of cones while the _____ has very high density of rods.Cones: fovea
Rods: macula lutea - 9The axons leave the retina at ________, which is also the blind spot.Optic disc
- 10The opthalamic blood vessels branch off the ______.internal carotid artery.
- 11The optic nerve is myelinated by ________.olygodendrocytes.
- 12The 1st degree axons in the optic tract synapse with 2nd order neurons in the __________.LGN of the thalamus.
- 13The 2nd order axons project to the _______ via the _______ in corona radiata.Primary visual cortex (V1 or BA 17) --> for visual perception
Visual radiation - 14Other than visual perception, the 1st order axons in the optic tract also synapse with _________, ________, and ______.1. suprachiasmatic nucleus (of the hypothalamus) --> to regulate diurnal rhythm
2. pretectal nuclei (of the midbrain) --> to adjust the pupils
3. brachium of superior colliculus (in the rostral midbrain) --> coordinate eye movements - 15The optic tract wraps around the outer surface of the ______.Cerebral peduncles.
- 16Lable the strucures on the inferior view of visual pathway.See slide 5.
- 17Draw the entire optic pathway on the sketch. Pay attention to the 1) retrolenticulae part and 2) Meyer's loop in temporal lobe.See slide 6.
- 18The retrolenticulae part is in the _______ while the Meyer's loop is in ________.Retrolenticulae: in internal capsule.
Meyer's loop: temporal lobe - 19______ axons in the optic nerve decussates.60%
- 20The LGN is made of _____ magnocellular layers and ______ parvoellular layers.2 magnocellular (layers 1 - 2)
4 parvocellular (layers 3 - 6) - 21The magnocellular layer processes _________Visual motion
- 22Layer ____ receives motion from contralateral side while layer _____ receives motion from ipsilateral side.layer 1: contralateral side
layer 2: ipsilateral side - 23The parvocellular layers process sub-modality of ________.High acuity information (cones)
- 24Locate the LGN, internal capsule (posterior limb retrolenticular part), optic radiation, and posterior commissure on the cross-section of the brain.See silde 8.
- 25Locare the superior colliculi and pretectal area on the cross- section of brain.See slide 9
- 26Lable the 4 quadrants of the visual field.See slide 11.
- 27If both eyes see their respective fields, you have ______ vision.Binocular
- 28The R eye can see the R visual fiald for about _______ degrees and the L visual field for about ____ degrees.R: 90 deg
L: 60 deg - 29Lable the 1) L and R hemifield 2) L and R monocular crescent 3) binocular zone (central visual field)See slied 12
- 30Draw a graph with visual fields and their respective zones on the retina.See slide 13.
- 31Binocular zone projects to _________ hemiretinas.Both temporal
- 32Track hemifield in visual pathway.See slide 15
- 33The superior retina samples the ______ visual field and vice versa.Inferior
- 34The meyer's loop for ________ visual field and brings it to the ____ bank of calcarine sulcusSUperior visual field of contralateral side.
To inferior bank of calcarine sulcus - 35Damage to R optic nerve results in loss in ________.Entire visual field of R eye.
- 36Damage to optic chiasm results in loss of ____________.temporal visual fields of both eyes.
'bitemporal hemianopia' - 37Damage to the R optic tract will results in loss of __________.L visual fields of both eyes
'homonymous hemianopia' - 38Another damage that can also cause homonymous hemianopia is _______.damage to R temporal lobe.
- 39Damage to R Meyer's loop will result in ________.Superior L visual field
'superior quadrianopia' - 40Damage to the inferior bank of BA17 will result in _________.Superior L visual field.
'superior quadrianopia' - 41Damage to the superior bank of BA17 will result in ________.Inferior L visual field
'inferior quadrianopia' - 42Damage to inferior and superior banks of BA17 also causes _________.Macula sparing. (loss of high acuity)
- 43The sensory input and motor output of pupillary light reflex are _______.Sensory: vision
Motor: parasympathetic pathway that controls the pupillary restrictors. - 44Constriciton of the ipsilateral eye is called ______ while constriction of the contralateral eye is called ________.Ipsi: direct response
Contra: consensual response - 45Outline the response of pupillary reflexGanglion cell --> CN II (optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract) --> pretectum (in rostral midbrain) --> Eginger-Westphal nucleus (preganglionic parasympathetic nucleus) ipsilarerally AND contralaterally--> occularmotor nerve --> synapse in ciliary ganglion --> postganglionic parasympathetic neuron --> pupillary constrictor
- 46Where does the axon from pretectum decussate to reach the Edinger-Westphal nucleus?Posterior commissure
- 47Fill out the table on slide 22.See slide 22
- 48Locate the Edinger-Westphal nucleus on the midbrain cross-section.See slide 21 (Edinger-Westphal is medial to the oculomotor nucleus)
- 49The axons of Edinger-Westphal and oculomotor exits the midbrain in CN _____.III (oculomotor nerve)
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- 534 Neuroanatomy Flashcards on Lecture 10 Visual Pathways, created by Mia Li on 18/10/2017.
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