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| Question | Answer |
| What is social phobia? | Fear of meeting new people, standing up to talk/present. Leads to people not talking to others. |
| What is school phobia? | Fear of leaving your own home to go to school in case you embarrass yourself, more common in boys aged 11-12. |
| What is arachnophobia? | Fear of spiders. Slightly more common in females. |
| What is acrophobia? | Fear of heights, healthy fear is okay for our safety but it is unhealthy when you cannot climb stairs or leave first floor of any building. |
| What is agoraphobia? | Fear of open spaces and fear of leaving safety of own home and going into public in case you embarrass yourself. |
| Explain the theory (behaviourist theory) | Behaviour is learnt not a result of nature. Phobias are learnt possibly of a bad experience. Focuses on idea of classical conditional. That means we ,learn a behaviour by associating or linking it a particular stimulus. |
| What is classical conditioning? |
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| How does classical conditions explain the development of phobias? | Fear is an UCR TO AN UCS. It is natural. NS=dog, UCS= dog bite, UCR= pain. Dog will become CS as next time you see dog you will believe it will bite you. |
| Explain generalisation and operant conditioning. When explain theory ADD these too!!! | When we spread our initial CS to anything similar e.g. All dogs. Instead of learning by association, you learn to fear something by consequences. If you avoid the fear you will reward yourself as you don't feel the fear. |
| Evaluate the theory | Behaviour only- it doesn't consider what someone thinks or feels. Theory cannot explain how two people may be in same situation, one forms a phobia other doesn't. Cannot explain how some people have a phobia of something they've never seen or been in contact with. |
| Evaluate core study. | Laboratory experiment so lacks ecological validity therefore isn't natural as a baby isn't normally presented with materials. There are massive empathic so implications as it causes Albert distress as he got more upset. It wasn't representative as sample was too small, this makes results hard to generalise and cannot represent everyone. |
| Explain alternate theory: evolutionary theory | Phobias based on nature. Our ancestors had to be frightened of some things in order to survive. Some spiders could poison you so it's sensible to stay away. We are born with a preparedness to fear things that might threaten us in order to survive. |
| Application of knowledge with treating phobias: flooding | You 'drown' the person with thing they fear most. E.g. Spiders so sit them next to a spider. They will initially be terrified but cannot stay in this state forever so they calm down and realise their is not fear. They form a new association but this method is ethically wrong due to the distress. |
| Explain systematic desensitisation | You gradually introduce the person to their fear. You cannot be fearful and relaxed at same time so the patient is taught relaxation techniques first, this method is costly and time consuming. |
| Implosion and Cognitive Behaviour therapy | I: like flooding hut more ethical as you get patient to use this imaginations rather than actual situation. CB: this helps to change the way you think, feel and behave. |
| What is typical and atypical behaviour? | Typical: something the majority of us do e.g. Eat, obey. Atypical: different from the norm and usually only allies to small number of people e.g. Being obsessed with cleaning. |
| What is a phobia? | An intense, irrational, persistent fear of something accompanied by a completing desire to avoid and escape it. |
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