Flashcards
Mycotoxins
Cards in this deck (9)
- 1FungiMushrooms, yeasts (unicellular), molds (multicellular) = filamentous fungi
- 2Mycotoxins, Mycotoxicosis1. secondary fungal metabolites produced in foods and feeds that induce toxic effects in animals+humans
2. Encompass variety of low-molecular weight compounds with diverse chemical structures and biological activities - 3Health and economic impact of mycotoxins1. Acute, chronic toxic effects
2. Loss of livestock due to mortality
3. Decline in productivity (meat, milk, eggs)
4. Animals more susceptible in infection
5. Animals refuse to eat
6. Reproduction problems
7. Toxin residue problems
8. Loss of crops
9. Costs involved in control - 4Are all fungi toxigenic? What affects toxin production? When can fungi contaminate food, feeds?1. Most fungi are not toxigenic
2. if toxigenic fungi are present, production of toxin is affected by environmental conditions, period of mold growth in foods, feeds, and others
3. Invasion of fungi in commodities can occur in field (pre-harvest, at harvest, during processing, transportation and storage - 5Fungi that produce mycotoxins1. May still be present even after mold has died
2. Major genera: Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium
3. Affects corn, peanut, cottonseed, wheat+other grains - 6Aflatoxins1. Group of mycotoxins which contain a difuran ring fused with substituted coumarin
2. At least 16 different toxins in this group
3. Generally produced by Aspergilus falvus and A. parasiticus - 7Impact of Aflatoxins1. Acute toxicosis
2. Hepatotoxic
3. Carcinogenic - 8Detection of Mycotoxins1. Difficult: diversity of mycotoxin properties, trace amounts, sample matrix interference, uneven distribution of toxins in sample
2. General procedure: Sampling, extraction, Analysis (separation, detection, quantification) - 9Preventive measures1. Use of crop resistant varieties
2. Avoid overwintering in field
3. Avoid insect and bird damage
4. Avoid mechanical damage
5. Clean and dry grain quickly to less than 10-13% moisture
6. Store crops in clean area to minimize insect and rodent infestation
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- Food Microbiology (Exam 2) Flashcards on Mycotoxins, created by Amanda Vang on 12/11/2017.
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- Amanda Vang
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