Chemistry Unit 1

Question	Answer
Atoms	Atom: the smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist. The number of protons determines what element it is. The number of protons = Number of electrons in a neutral atom.
Elements	Element: it's a substance that is made of only one sort of atom.
Isotopes	Isotopes are the atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons. They have the same proton number, but different mass numbers.
Compounds	2 or more different elements chemically (bonded) joined together.
Mixture	Contains 2 or more different elements or compounds that are not chemically bonded to each other.
Models of the atoms	Plum pudding model Nuclear model modern atom
Plum pudding model JJ.Thompson	Electrons of negative charge in a sphere of positive charge. Image: Plum Pudding Model (binary/octet-stream)
Rutherford's nuclear model	A small and dense positively charged nucleus. Electrons surround the nucleus . Most of the atom is empty space. Image: Images (binary/octet-stream)
Modern model	Protons/Neutrons in nucleus Electrons orbit on set paths (orbits). Image: Modern Atom (binary/octet-stream)
To separate an INSOLUBLE substance	insoluble: a substance that'll not dissolve in a solvent.
Decanting	Liquid is poured out and the solid is left behind
Filtering	Solid residue is left, the liquid goes through the funnel.
Panning	Liquid is poured off from the top solid stays in the pan.
Separating soluble solids	Evaporation Distillation Chromatography.
Evaporation	(boiling) Water or liquid evaporates, solid is left behind.
Distillation	Boiling/ evaporation followed by condensation ( to get the liquid ). Image: Distillation (binary/octet-stream)
Chromatography	Used to separate small amounts of substances depending on their solubility. Image: Chromatography (binary/octet-stream)
Saturated solutions	A solution in which no more of the solute can dissolve.
Magnification	Use a formula triangle: Put your finger over the one you want and read off the formula. Image: Magnification Triangle (binary/octet-stream)
Converting between units	Giga Mega ↓ Kilo by 1000 0 × by 1000 Mili ↑ Micro Nano

Atoms

Atom: the smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist. The number of protons determines what element it is. The number of protons = Number of electrons in a neutral atom.

Elements

Element: it's a substance that is made of only one sort of atom.

Isotopes

Isotopes are the atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons. They have the same proton number, but different mass numbers.

Compounds

2 or more different elements chemically (bonded) joined together.

Mixture

Contains 2 or more different elements or compounds that are not chemically bonded to each other.

Models of the atoms

Plum pudding model Nuclear model modern atom

Plum pudding model JJ.Thompson

Electrons of negative charge in a sphere of positive charge.

Image: Plum Pudding Model (binary/octet-stream)

Rutherford's nuclear model

A small and dense positively charged nucleus. Electrons surround the nucleus . Most of the atom is empty space.

Image: Images (binary/octet-stream)

Modern model

Protons/Neutrons in nucleus Electrons orbit on set paths (orbits).

Image: Modern Atom (binary/octet-stream)

To separate an INSOLUBLE substance

insoluble: a substance that'll not dissolve in a solvent.

Decanting

Liquid is poured out and the solid is left behind

Filtering

Solid residue is left, the liquid goes through the funnel.

Panning

Liquid is poured off from the top solid stays in the pan.

Separating soluble solids

Evaporation Distillation Chromatography.

Evaporation

(boiling) Water or liquid evaporates, solid is left behind.

Distillation

Boiling/ evaporation followed by condensation ( to get the liquid ).

Image: Distillation (binary/octet-stream)

Chromatography

Used to separate small amounts of substances depending on their solubility.

Image: Chromatography (binary/octet-stream)

Saturated solutions

A solution in which no more of the solute can dissolve.

Magnification

Use a formula triangle: Put your finger over the one you want and read off the formula.

Image: Magnification Triangle (binary/octet-stream)

Converting between units

Giga Mega ↓ Kilo by 1000 0 × by 1000 Mili ↑ Micro Nano

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