Flashcards
Blood loss
Cards in this deck (30)
- 1How many litres and what percentage of body weight does human body contain in blood?5 - 7 L ( 7 - 8 % of body weight )
- 2List steps for the direct pressure method- place pad over site and apply pressure
- apply bandage to hold pad in place and apply additional pressure to area - 3List steps for the indirect pressure method- place padding around, or above and below object, and apply pressure over pads, not the object, then bandage
- 4List 2 types of internal bleeding- visible
- concealed - 5List the type of bleeding that comes from the: a) Lungs b) Stomach / bowel / intestines- frothy bright red blood (coughed up)
- bright, dark or tarry blood - 6List first aid steps for internal bleeding- rest casualty in position of comfort
- assess for and manage shock
- do not give anything to eat / drink - 7How is bleeding classified?According to type of blood vessel that is damaged
- 8List first aid steps for external bleeding- elevate
- immobilise area
- assess for and manage shock
- if bleeding still not controlled, leave initial pad in place and apply second pad - secure with bandage
- if bleeding continues through second pad, replace second pad only and bandage - 9List first aid steps for a nosebleed- ask patient to breathe through mouth and not to blow nose
- lean casualty so their head is slightly forward
- pinch soft part of nose (below bone) and maintain pressure for 10-20 mins
- place cold wet towels / cold pack to neck and forehead - 10What is the medical term for a nosebleed?Epistaxis
- 11List 3 ways to check circulation (blood supply)- skin colour
- skin temp: if cold, blood supply could be impaired
- check for blood supply in fingers / toes by pressing nail until it turns white, then release. If colour returns within 2 seconds, blood supply is unrestricted - 12List first aid management for a fish hook wound- loop fishing line along curve / throat of hook and grip firmly in 1 hand
- press down on shank of hook with thumb of other hand
- pull hook straight out
- if barb is protruding, cut it off before attempting to withdraw hook - 13When can a tourniquet be applied?As a last resort and only when other methods of controlling bleeding have failed
- 14Where is a tourniquet applied?To a limb (above elbow / knee)
- 15Why must care be taken when using a tourniquet?Its prolonged use can lead to tissues being starved of blood and dying
- 16What should you take note of when applying a tourniquet?Time of application
- 17When should you release a tourniquet to check if limb is still bleeding?After 30 mins:
- no bleeding - remove constrictive bandage
- bleeding recommences - apply direct pressure
- direct pressure unsuccessful - reapply constrictive bandage and recheck every 30 mins - 18How do varicose veins occur?Veins in legs contain valves. When valves deteriorate, blood leaks backwards and the pressure from the blood causes vein to become swollen and knotted (varicose)
- 19Can varicose veins bleed?May bleed profusely if injured
- 20List first aid steps for bleeding varicose veins- apply clean pad and bandage firmly
- place patient flat with legs raised - 21How does an open / traumatic pneumothorax occur?If a puncture is deep enough, the rib cage may be penetrated, allowing air to enter chest. When air enters this space (pleural cavity), the lung on the side of injury collapses.
- 22List first aid steps for: a) Haematoma b) Bruise (contusion)a) RICE
b) RICE - 23List first aid steps for a penetrating chest wound- place patient in sitting position with affected side down
- cover wound: use the patient's or your own hand to stop air flowing in and out of chest cavity
- cover wound with a dressing and seal with tape on 3 sides (not bottom) - 24What causes a haematoma and what does this result in?- caused by a sharp, blunt blow which does not break the skin but causes internal damage to blood vessels
- results in accumulation of blood at site - 25Why can a haematoma be dangerous?They may conceal underlying injuries
- 26List signs and symptoms of a haematoma- severe pain
- area turning dark blue / red
- rapid and severe swelling
- loss of mobility of area - 27Define: a) Circulation b) Coagulation c) Pallora) distribution of blood around body
b) process of clotting
c) unhealthy pale appearance - 28What is an abrasion?Shallow wound often caused by friction, e.g. gravel rash, grazed knee
- 29What is a laceration?A wound where skin has been torn in an irregular way, e.g. tear from barbed wire
- 30List first aid management for an amputation- manage bleeding wound (pressure and elevation)
- locate amputated part(s) and place in sealed bag in ice water
- manage shock
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- Description
- First Aid Conditions Flashcards on Blood loss, created by Emily Dening on 30/11/2017.
- Created by
- Emily Dening · Nov 2017
- Updated
- Jan 26, 2018
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