Flashcards
Arthropoda
Cards in this deck (50)
- 1What's the Arthropod Body plan?Jointed Limbs
Segmented Body Design - 2What is an Arthropod?Share with Annelids:
Through Gut
Ventral Nerve Cord, segmental ganglia
Dorsal circulatory system
Differ from annelids:
External skeleton
Paired jointed limbs (each segment) - 3The Arthropod SkeletonChitin (polysaccharide), proteins and mineral salts
- 4What sheds in an Arthropod and why?Cuticle shed periodically to allow room for growth
It is a hormonally-mediated process (ecdysis) - 5What do all Arthropods share?Segmented body
Chitinous skeleton
Jointed Appendages - 6How many species of Arthropod are there?Most Diverse Phylum
1,100,000 species (85% of animal diversity)
3-30+ million species - 7Where do Arthropods mainly habituate?Tropical Insects
Others deep sea - 8What is an Arthropods their Ecological Range?Occur in all environments
(Deep Ocean, High Mountains, Forest canopies, Glaciers and Caves & deep crevices) - 9What are the various parasites of Arthropods?Sacculina (barnicle parasite) and Pentastomida (lungs and nasal in vertebrates)
- 10What are the various reasons for arthropod success?Biodiversity (70% all species)
Ecological Range (all habitats and vast range of ecological niches)
Ecological Importance (global ecosystems)
Historical Persistance (540 MYA) - 11What body plans determine arthropod success?Body Size (8 orders of magnitude, 3mm)
Cuticle (skeletal support, impermeable to water, unique flexibility)
Flexible Bauplan (tagmosis- head, thorax and abdomen) - 12What is speciation rates?Number of species in a group that is a balance between speciation and extinction
- 13What is in the Insect nervous system?Brain
Subesophageal Ganglion
Thoracic Ganglia
Abdominal Ganglia - 14What are the 5 major Arthropod groups?Crustacean
Hexapoda
Trilobitomorpha
Cheliceriformes
Myriapoda - 15What are the unifying features of Arthropods?5 segmented head
Trunk divided into 2 tagmata
Biramous limbs
Carapace
Nauplius larva - 16What era do Crustacea come from?Cambrian marine
- 17How many Crustacean species are there?67,000 living, more to be discovered
- 18What is contained within the 5 segmented head?2 pairs antennae
mandibles
secondary mouthparts (maxillae) - 19What 2 parts consist in the trunk?Thorax
Abdomen - 20What is part of the biramous limbs?2 branched limbs
However some secondary uniramy (single limbs) are widespread - 21What do Remipedia contain?Biramous appendages
- 22What is consisted in the Carapace?Cephalic shield (reduced in some groups)
- 23What is consisted in the Nauplius larva?Median simple eye
3 pairs setose appendages which become 2 pairs antennae and mandibles
These are suppressed in groups that have direct development - 24What are the 3 aspects of crustacean diversity?1) Diversity of segments in 1 species
2)Segment diversity between species
3) Diversity of segment morphology during ontogeny - 25What are Hexapoda?Insects and Allies
- 26What do Hexapoda contain?3 pairs of walking limbs
3 tagmata
Primarily terrestrial (devonian origin- 390 MYA)
950,000 extant species
30 living orders - 27What are the living orders of Hexapoda?Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies)
Hemiptera (true bugs)
Coleoptera (beetles)
Hymenoptera (ants, bees and wasps)
Diptera (true flies)
Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)
Mantophasma (heel walkers) - 28What are random insect facts?They are Abundant
200 million for every human alive
Acre of pasture- 250 springtails
Tropical forests (40% animal biomass, 60,000 species)
Ant colony (22 million) - 29What are the insect success factors?Body Size
Cuticle
Flexible bauplan
Evolution of Flight
Metamorphosis - 30What are the concepts of flight?Wingless insects only 1% of extant species
Key to success in terrestrial
300 MYA Carboniferous Period
Allows escape from predators and patchily distributed resources
Outperform birds and bats - 31What is the Evolution of Flight?Not simple modified limbsthat represent novel structures
Evolved small limb branches
Gene expression patterns - 32What are the 2 kinds of Metamorphosis and how do they happen?Hemimetabolous that allows adults and young to exploit different niche spaces to avoid wing damage and it dominates. The other is incomplete metamorphosis which is consistent of 3 stages; egg, nymph and adult. They are wingless.
- 33What are the Insect Limitations?Size (size of organism is limited by respiratory system as the trachea needs to be directly diffused into the cells. This becomes more difficult in bigger insects)
Marine insects as flight not an advantage in sea - 34What are Trilobitomorpha?These are Trilobites. They are benthic deposit feeders, that are scavengers and predators. Planktonic filter feeders
- 35What era do Trilobitomorpha come from?They come from Palaeozoic seas that dominated the Cambrian and Ordovician period. (440-550 MYA).
- 36How many species of Trilobitomorpha are their?4,000 species known
- 37What are Cheliceriformes?Spiders and Scorpions. They contain 2 tagmata, a prosoma and opisthosoma. Many are terrestrial but have a cambrian marine origin.
- 38What do Cheliceriformes contain?No antennae
Presence of chelicerae and pedipalps. - 39How many species of Chelideriformes are there?80,000 species and are 2nd only to insect diversity on land?
- 40What are some scorpion characteristics?Produce stalked spermatophores
Male pedipalps modified for sperm transfer
Scorpion chelae are also pedipalps - 41Describe the Evolution of silkThe fibrous protein is rich in glycerine alanine and serine-produced as a water soluble liquid. It is 5 times stronger than steel and more elastic than nylon. The silk is produced from spinnerets at the end of the abdomen.
- 42What are Myriapoda?They are centipedes and millipedes.
- 43What are the 4 groups of Myriapoda?Chilopoda (centipedes)
Diplipoda (millipedes)
Pauropoda
Symphyla - 44How many species of Myriapoda are there?14,000 species and some are still awaiting discovery
- 45What era do Myriapoda come from?They have an aquatic origin in the Ordovician period, 500 MYA. Early terrestrial taxa were large and modern taxa are terrestrial.
- 46What are Chilopoda?Chilopoda are centipedes (active predators). They have 1 pair of legs per segment.
- 47What do Chilopoda consist of?Long legs
Leg Length increases down the Trunk
Dorsal Cuticle plates overlap segments (scutigera)
Compound eyes - 48What is are species of Chilopoda?Geophilomorpha (burrowers)
Lithobiomorpha (active predators; well-developed eyes, serrated bases to poison claws)
Scolopendromorpha (active predators; well-developed eyes and painful bite) - 49What are Diplopoda?Millipedes which are Detritivores. They are burrowers in soil and litter. They have 2 pairs of limbs per visible body segment.
- 50What are 3 species of millipedes?Polyxenida which is the sister to all extant millipedes. They are soft bodied, bristly, spermatophores. The other species is Pauropoda and Symphyla which are soil dwellers.
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- Flashcards on Arthropoda for Marine Biology Module, Life on Earth.
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- Becca McNally
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