Flashcards
Crime, Space & Place
Cards in this deck (7)
- 1What are the two traditional concerns of environmental criminology?Spatial distribution of offences & spatial distribution of offenders. Wikström marked differences in the spatial patterning of different offences.
- 2What did Sherman find?3.3% of specific locations in the city generated 50% of crime related calls in Minnesota, even high crime ‘areas’ have relatively safe specific locations so there’s not necessarily random chances of victimisation.
- 3Where is most crime committed?Wiles and Costello found in Sheffield that offender’s travelled on average 1.93 miles so it's usually near their home. There’s an important relationship between the location of the offence to the offenders habitual use of space. Brantingham (2)found that offences are most likely to occur where criminal opportunities intersect with cognitively known areas.
- 4What do routine activities argue?That most criminals spend much of their time in non-criminal activities – however what shapes these activities also shapes criminal activities. Individuals move through a series of activities & as they do so they constantly make decisions.
- 5What did Davis identify?Bum proof bus benches, his ecology of fear added a new factor to Burgess’ concentric zones. Defensible spaces such as gated communities in America & Paris are examples of social order, excluding lower classes.
- 6What is situational crime prevention?Clarke – reducing opportunities by managing immediate environment - target hardening. But it displaces crime, Chaiken – crackdown on subway robberies in NY displaced to streets above. It ignores corporate crime, root causes & rational calculations are unlikely in violent crimes under influence.
- 7What is environmental crime prevention?Wilson & Kelling – broken windows, disorder & absence of control leads to crime, advocate environmental improvement strategy & zero tolerance policing – crackdown in NY led to major fall in crime 1993-6. But crime had declined in areas without the policy & loads of new jobs created 1994.
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- Introduction to Crime, Law & Society Yr 1 (Term 1) Flashcards on Crime, Space & Place, created by Miss Rogers on 30/01/2018.
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- Miss Rogers · Jan 2018
- Updated
- Feb 8, 2018
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