Flashcards
Microbiology chapter: 6
Cards in this deck (25)
- 1AcellularNo comprised of cells
- 2What is an obligate intracellular parasite?Needs a host in order to reproduce and metabolize
- 3What is the relationship of a virus and a virion?A virion is a metabolically inactive virus exsisting outside of a cell
- 4What is the morphology of a virus?A capsid (a protein coat) surrounds genetic material
- 5What does it mean to be host specific?A virus can only effect cells with matching proteins, typically only in one type of host
- 6What is a host range?A definition of a group of organisms with susceptible cells
- 7How can transfer of a virus occur?-fomite
-direct contact
-vectors - 8What Is a fomite?an inanimate surface that can transfer a virus
- 9What is a vector?A vehicle for virus transmission: biological or mechanical
- 10Mechanical vectorJust carries a virus to a viable host
- 11Biological virusCarries a virus but this needs a second host in order to finish it's life cycle
- 12Which is more likely to be detected? Enveloped or non-enveloped viruses?Enveloped viruses; they provide a target for disinfectants
- 13What are the two basic life cycles of viruses?Lytic and lysogenic
- 14Describe the lytic life cycle of virusesA phage attaches to the host cell and injects it's DNA into it. The viral DNA then shuts down the host's DNA so that it's protein begins to replicate. Phages began to be assembled using sad protein. When the cell cannot hold anymore phages, it lysises.
- 15Describe the lysogenic life cycleA phage attaches to a host cell and injects it's DNA. Viral DA intergrates into the host's DNA and waits until a stressor or climate changes at which point viral DNA leaves host DNA and enters the lytic cycle.
- 16The lytic cycle can be best described by what symptoms?-Acute infection
-sudden onset
-short cycle
-occurs once - 17What type of infection is seen with a lysogenic life cycle; provide an exampleA chronic illness; herpes
- 18What is transduction? what types are there?the transfer of viral DNA; generalized and specified
- 19Generalized transductionRandom piece of bacterial DNA is transferred by the phage during the lytic cycle
- 20Specialized transductionWhen a section of chosen DNA is taken from the host. This occurs at the end of the lysogenic life cycle, when the phage is excized
- 21How do viruses integrate their DNA into host DNA?If their DNA is not ready to be entered into host DNA, they must first transcribe their DNA into RNA or mRNA in order to be accepted into the DNA sequence
- 22What is a Prion?A virus that consists only of proteins, no genetic material is present.
- 23How is a prion harmful?A rogue protein can cause improper folding of other proteins which leads to mutations and malfunctioning tissues
- 24How do retroviruses turn their RNA into DNA?They use reverse transcriptase to create a DNA strand.
- 25Why is viral transcription dangerous?While human DNA has the ability to proofread for issues, viral DNA does not have any proof reading so mutations occur often
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- Micriobiology Flashcards on Microbiology chapter: 6, created by Hannah Fisher on 01/02/2018.
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- Hannah Fisher
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