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| Question | Answer |
| physical needs such as sleep and hunger | Physiological |
|
private; unobservable
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cognitive |
| the scientific study of behavior and mental processes | Psychology |
| 1. description 2. explanation 3. prediction 4. influence | 4 goals of psychology |
| an educated guess about some phenomenon | hypothesis |
| research | basic (pure) science |
| using psychological principles to solve more immediate problems | applied science |
| scientific method | |
|
In 1879 he opened the first psychology laboratory in Germany; "father of psychology"
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Wilhelm Wundt |
| the concept that the mind and body are separate and distinct | dualism |
| our mind is a blank slate that the environment (aka experience) writes upon; John Locke | tabula rasa |
| being interested in the basic elements of human experience | structuralist |
| self-observation to collect information about the mind | introspection |
| taught the first class in psychology at Harvard University in 1875 | William James |
| study how animals and people adapt to their environments | functionalist |
| declared that the "most fit" humans were those with high intelligence | Sir Francis Galton |
| the debate about the extent to which our behavior is inborn (innate) or learned through experience | nature vs. nurture |
| perception is more than the sum of its parts | Gestalt Psychology |
|
a physician who practiced in Vienna until 1938; more interested in the unconscious mind
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Sigmund Freud |
| a method for indirectly studying unconscious processes | free association |
|
a female pioneer in psychology (1863-1930)
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Mary Whiton Calkins |
|
Russion physiologist (1849-1936); studied conditioned reflexes provoked by stimuli
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Ivan Pavlov |
| psychologists who stress investigating observable behavior | behaviorist |
|
(1878-1958) psychology should concern itself only with the observable facts of behavior; all behavior, even apparently instinctive behavior, is the result of conditioning and occurs because the appropriate stimulus is present in the environment
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John B. Watson |
| describe human nature as evolving and self-directed; does not view humans as being controlled by the events in the environment or by unconscious forces. instead, the environment and other forces simply serve as a background to our own internal growth | humanists |
| a specialty of medicine | psychiatry |
| help people deal with personal problems; they normally work in offices, mental hospitals, and prisons | clinical psychologists |
| work in their own private office, in schools, or industrial firms, advising and assisting people with their problems | counseling psychologists |
| employed by business firms and government agencies; study and develop methods to boost production, improve working conditions, place applicants in jobs for which they are best suited, train people, and reduce accidents | Industrial/Organizational Psychologists (I/O Psychologists) |
| African-American psychologist who conducted the White/Black Doll Experiment for the Brown vs. Board of Education court case | Kenneth B. Clark |
|
science of skull bumps
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Phrenology |
| to be objective; listening and interpreting the associations | psychoanalysis |
| psychoanalytic theory, a desire for sexual involvement with the parent of the opposite sex and a concomitant sense of rivalry with the parent of the same sex; a crucial stage in the normal developmental process; Sigmund Freud | Oedipus Complex |
| His theory: operant conditioning; “the behavior is followed by a consequence, and the nature of the consequence modifies the organisms tendency to repeat the behavior in the future.” | B.F. Skinner |
| a slip of the tongue where a person says what they're actually thinking about at the time | Freudian Slip |
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