Flashcards
2018 Semester 1 First Test
Cards in this deck (65)
- 1What are the potential physical properties of materialsAppearance
Hardness
Solubility
Thermal Conductivity
Electrical Conductivity
Melting Point
Boiling Point - 2How does the properties of a substance relate to its use?Submarines are commonly made of high strength alloyed steel or titanium hulls to resist the extremely high pressures of low ocean depths. Steel and Titanium are metallic with a high strength to weight ratio making them ideal.
- 3Definition of NanoparticlesNano-materials are substances that contain particles in the size range 1-100nm (nanometre)
- 4Write the conversion chart for m to nm and all inbetweenx 100 x 10. x1000. x1000
m --> cm --> mm --> um --> nm - 5Convert 1.3x10-4 (-4 is a power) um to nm0.13nm
- 6Convert 2.9x10-8 cm (-8 is a power) cm to nm0.29nm
- 7Convert 95 cm, cm to nm9.5x108nm
- 8What is an example of how nanoparticles are used?Gold (which looks yellow at our “normal” scale) actually reflects red light at the nanoscale. This has resulted in the design of experimental systems that kill cancerous cells with normal visible light, but leave normal cells unharmed. Also, body tissue can be reproduced or repaired using nanotechnology, which could eventually develop into treatments to replace or repair organs.
- 9Definition of Filtration- Filtration process where solids are separated from liquids or gases
- Use of a medium which only the gas or liquid can pass
- Gas or liquid passes through a filtrate - 10Definition of Distillation- The process where a pure liquid is separated from a mixture of liquids
- Works when liquids have different boiling points
- Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions, separating chemical compounds by their boiling points by heating them to a temperature at which one or more fractions of the compound will vaporise.
- It uses distillation to fractionate. - 11Definition of Evaporation- The process where a liquid turns to a gas due to an increase in temperature and/or pressure
- 12Write the electron configuration of Chromium or Cr (24)1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s1, 3d5
(Second no. is supposed to be positioned like a power) - 13Define a pure substanceConsist of 1 type of substance such as a compound or element chemically combined
- 14Define a mixtureConsisting of 1 or more types of substances such as a compound or element
- 15Define a physical changeA change that is reversible and a change where the substance changes state
- 16Define a chemical changeIs an irreversible change where the atoms bonds break and form new bonds to create a new substance. Signs of this occurring include colour change, effervescence, giving off heat, forming a precipitate etc
- 17Define Magnetic PropertiesUse a magnet to remove metals from a solution or mixture
- 18Define homogenous mixture (Ask for more detail)Particles evenly distributed throughout the solution
- 19Define heterogenous mixture (Ask for more detail)Particles unevenly distributed throughout the solution
- 20Define an atomAn atom is a neutral particle consisting of electrons, neutrons, protons
- 21Define an ionA charged particle that has either lost or gained electrons
- 22Define a moleculeComposed of multiple atoms
- 23Define mona, dia, tri, polyatomic ionMonatomic consisting of one
Diatomic consisting of two
Triatomic consisting of three
Polyatomic consisting of four or more atoms - 24Definition of an elementConsisting of 1 type of atom e.g. H - Hydrogen
- 25Definition of a compoundConsisting of two or more elements e.g. H20 - Water
- 26Define solubilityThe ability of a solid/substance to dissolve in a liquid
- 27Define Thermal ConductivityThe ability of a substance to take in heat, or withstand heat
- 28Define Electrical ConductivityHow well a substance can conduct electricity, or take it in
- 29Define Melting PointThe temperature/point at which a solid turns into a liquid
- 30Define Boiling PointThe temperature/point at which a liquid becomes a gas
- 31Are there the same amount of protons as neutrons when stable?Yes
- 32Define atomic numberNo. of protons in an atom determines atomic number
- 33Define mass numberThe mass number is the amount of protons + neutrons, mass number varies if no. of neutrons of changes
- 34Define IsotopeWhere the no. of neutrons changes but the protons stay the same.
- Atom is still the same element but with a slightly different mass no. - 35These are isotopes explain the parts 12 C 6 14 C 6Both are carbon, top one is Carbon 12, bottom one is Carbon 14.
Top no. is the number of neutrons, which change and this makes it an isotope - mass no.
Bottom no. is the number of protons, which stay the same, hence the element remains Carbon - atomic no. - 36What is the shell structureShell | |
Sub Shell | | | |
Orbital | | - 37What is the order of orbitals?s, p, d, f
- 38How many electrons can an orbital contain?2
- 39What the sub shells? and how many electrons can be in each?s - 2
p - 6
d - 10
f - 14 - 40Explain this 1S2 (The 2 is supposed to sit like a power)1 = Energy Level
s = Type of orbital
2 = Number of electrons in orbital - 41Write the electron configuration of Copper or Cu (29)1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s1, 3d10
(Second no. is supposed to be positioned like a power) - 42Why do you think these atoms have different configurations? Why have shells been filled before completion of a previous shell? (In regards to Cu and CrThe 3d and 4s shell are right next to each other, however the s shell fills faster than the d shell because is has space for less electrons, therefore s goes before d, s has room for 2 orbitals but d has room for 10
- 43When a transition metal is an +2 cation, what is the electron configuration? Pick any oneExample: Cu - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d9
The 4s disappears because although it fills first, the shell is further out so that's why the electrons are lost from the 4s shell. - 44What happens to the electron configuration of an element if it becomes a cation?A cation is positive which means electrons are taken away from the electron configuration.
e.g. Al +3 Original: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
Cation: 1s2 2s2 2p6 - 45What happens to the electron configuration of an element if it becomes an anion?An anion is negative which means electrons are added to the the electron configuration.
e.g. Al -3 Original: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
Cation: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 - 46What are the charges of the groups on the period table in order?Group 1 = 1+
Group 2 = 2+
Transition Metals = 2+
Group 3 = 3+
Group 4 = X
Group 5 = 3 -
Group 6 = 2 -
Group 7 = 1 -
Group 8 = X - 47Locate the s, d, p, and f blocks on the periodic tableACTUALLY LOOK DON'T BE A LAZY ASS! Look at the one in ur folder that has charges and blocks written on it for the answer
- 48Name the group of elements with the outer shell configuration of s2 p3Group 5
- 49What do them number of electrons add up to in an electron configuration?The atomic number so you can determine which element it is as long as it's not a cation or anion
- 50Definition of DecantingProcess whereby you separate two different liquid solutions from each other by utilising a difference in density. For example, a separation funnel can be used to separate oil and water, due to oil’s natural inclination to float on the more dense water.
- 51What is the relative atomic mass formula?Relative Atomic Mass = Isotope mass 1, X %abundance + isotope mass 2, X %abundance
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100
Note: Abundance needs to be converted to decimal form - 52What is the definition of electronegativity?Innate ability of any atom to attract electrons to its positively charged nucleus.
(Electrons in this case doesn't just mean its own own, but between sharing electrons between two atoms.) - 53List two properties of electronegativity-Electronegativity increases across a period
- No two atoms have the same electronegativity - 54Out of O and C which has a higher electronegativity and why?- C has less electronegativity that O because oxygen is further along the periodic table that carbon.
- The more shells there is, the less positive energy that gets through the shells, as the shells shield the nucleus.
- Essentially how well an atom pulls its e- to its centre. - 55How is electronegativity shown between two atoms? Use O & C as an exampleCd+ (d+ sits like a power) Od-
d+ = less electronegativity
d- = more electronegativity - 56What is ionic bonding between?Metal (gives off e-) & non-metal (accepts e-)
- 57What is covalent bonding between?Non-metal & non-metal (shares e-, usually forms gas)
- 58What is metallic bonding between?Metal & metal (Usually between atoms of the same type e.g. C & C)
- 59Would an atom that has a filled outer shell have more electronegativity?No it wouldn't. If the atom has a full shell (like group 8) then there is no need for it to need any more e-, hence there would be no electronegativity.
- 60What element has the highest electronegativity and why?Fluorine because it only needs one more electron to have a full shell and so it desperately wants it to be full. The force of attraction is very strong.
- 61In chemistry what do you mark the points of a graph with?an X
- 62What features must a graph include?- Title
- Axis label
- Use more than 3/4 of graph
- Connect the dots e.g. line of best fit
- Give units
- Place points correctly
- Put an X for a specific point - 63When does an atom need an electron?When it's shells aren't full.
- 64What do you need to remember about the emission spectrum?Each element has its own specific absorption lines and those lines can be used to identify elements.
- 65Explain the diagramThe amount of energy absorbed by the electron to move into a higher level is the same as the amount of energy released when returning to the original energy level.
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- Chemistry Stage 1 Flashcards on 2018 Semester 1 First Test , created by Mabel G on 18/02/2018.
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