12369965
Description
Flashcards by Jasper Baker, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jasper Baker
about 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| EQ1: An example of a closed system in the hydrological cycle is | The global hydrological cycle |
| EQ1: An example of an open system in the hydrological cycle is | A drainage basin hydrological cycle |
| EQ1: The two sources of energy that drive the hydrological cycle are | Solar energy and gravitational potential energy |
| EQ1: The average time water will remain in a particular store is known as | Residence time |
| EQ1: Examples of new-renewable water stores are | Fossil water and cryosphere loses |
| EQ1: The three types of precipitation are | Orographic, frontal, and convectional) |
| EQ1: The four types of 'horizontal' flow of water are | Surface run-off, throughflow groundwater flow, and channel flow |
| EQ1: The two types of overland flow are | Infiltration excess overland flow, and soil saturation overland flow |
| EQ1: The physical factors that affect flows within a drainage basin are | Climate, coils, vegetation, geology, and relief |
| EQ1: Human activities that can affect flows within a drainage basin are | urbanisation, deforestation, and channel straightening |
| EQ1: The difference between river refimes and hydrographs is | River regimes show annual variation, whereas storm hydrographs show shorter term changes |
| EQ2: A drought is | A long period of lower than average rainfall, especially one that negatively affects growing or living conditions |
| EQ2: Low pressure systems cause | Wet and windy weather |
| EQ2: High pressure systems cause | Dry and clear weather |
| EQ2: Three main causes of drought are | Failure of seasonal rainfall, mid-latitude anticyclones, and ENSOs |
| EQ2: Normally, in the south Pacific ocean | Trade winds blow warm surface water west towards SE Asia, causing low pressure (rain) and high pressure in South America |
| EQ2: In El Nino | The trade winds stop, so warm water moves back to South America, and SE Asia doesn't get usual rainfall |
| EQ2: Humans can exacerbate drought risk by | Over abstracting water, climate change, and changing land use |
| EQ2: Land degredation is | The loss of productivity or biodiversity of land |
| EQ2: Desertification is | The process by which fertile land becomes desert |
| EQ2: Wetlands are | Areas that are inundated or saturated with water at a duration or frequencey to support adapted vegetation |
| EQ2: The most resilient type of wetland is | River fed wetlands, as they experience fluctuations naturally |
| EQ3: Physical causes of water scarcity include | Climate, rivers, geology, and salt water encroachment |
| EQ3: Human causes of water scarcity include | Over abstraction, salt water encroachment, water contamination (from agricaulture or industry) |
| EQ3: In high income countries, most water demand is from | Industrial use (59%) |
| EQ3: In low icome countries, most water demant is from | Agricultural use (82%) |
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