Flashcards
Chapter 1- Types and components of computer system
Cards in this deck (23)
- 1List 5 internal hardware devicesmotherboard, RAM, ROM, video card, sound card, HDD
- 2List 5 external hardware devicesmonitors, screens, keyboards, mice, storage, printers, scanners, speakers, microphones
- 3List 5 application softwareword processing, spreadsheets, DMS, control, measurement, photo editing, graphics, applets
- 4List 5 system softwareoperating system, device drivers, compilers, linkers, utilities
- 5Define operating systemsProgram that controls the system resources and processes using them on a computer.
- 6What does a compiler do? What does a linker do?Change the instructions written in computer language into binary.
Linkers take care of linking the code written and other resources and libraries. - 7What does a device driver do?Supply instructions to the hardware on how to operate equipment connected to the computer such as printers, scanners, keyboards, etc
- 8List 4 utility programsCreating new folders, compressing files, installing software, checking for viruses, formatting a disk, burning CD's
- 9What are the main components of a computer system?input, process, output, storage
- 10What is the CPU?The CPU is the 'brain' of the computer. It is the device that carries out software instructions.
- 11What is RAM?Random Access Memory (RAM)
Random Access Memory (RAM) is the part of the computer that temporarily stores the instructions that the computer is running, and the data it is processing.
RAM is a volatile storage device. This means that if the computer’s power is turned off the contents of RAM disappear and are lost. - 12What is ROM?Read-Only Memory (ROM) is used in most computers to hold a small, special piece of software: the 'boot up' program.
This software runs when the computer is switched on or 'boots up'. The software checks the computer’s hardware and then loads the operating system.
ROM is non-volatile storage. This means that the data it contains is never lost, even if the power is switched off. - 13What is Secondary / Backing Storage?Secondary storage (sometimes called backing storage) is the name for all of the devices (apart from ROM and RAM) that can store data in a computer system.
A hard drive, a CD-ROM, a floppy disc and a USB memory stick are all examples of secondary storage devices.
Secondary storage is non-volatile, so data that is stored on these devices remains there safely. - 14What does an operating system do?-It provides a user interface so that we can interact with the computer
-It manages applications that are running on the computer, starting them when the user requests, and stopping them when they are no longer needed
-It manages files, helping us save our work, organise our files, find files that we have saved and load files
-It manages the computers memory, deciding what should be loaded into memory and what should be removed
-It looks after computer security, preventing unauthorised access to the system
-It manages the computer’s input and output hardware such as printers, etc. - 15What is a GUI?A GUI is an interface built around visual (graphical) things:
Windows are regions of the screen used to display information
Icons are small pictures that are used to represent folders, software, etc.
Menus are lists of options the user can select from
A pointer is an arrow that can be moved around the screen and is used to select things - 16What is a CLI?The user see's nothing but a black screen. They would have to type a to make anything happen.
Need to learn new commands - 17Features of a main framePowerful - they can process vast amounts of data, very quickly
Large - they are often kept in special, air-conditioned rooms
Multi-user - they allow several users (sometimes hundreds) to use the computer at the same time, connected via remote terminals (screens and keyboards) - 18Features of a PCA typical PC contained the same basic components as a mainframe computer (CPU, RAM, storage, etc.) but at a fraction of the size and cost.
- 19Features of a laptoplight, compact and portable PC.
contain a rechargeable battery so that they can be used even when not plugged in to a mains power supply. They also have a built-in LCD monitor.
Instead of a mouse, a trackpad is used. Instead of a wired connection to a network or printer, 'wireless' radio connections are used. - 20Features of a tabletCamera which allows pictures and video recording
Speakers to output music, GPS instructions
microphone
Handwriting recognition
Bluetooth
Use of WiFi
Browse the internet - 21Features of a smartphoneclock, calendar, calculator, use of apps, camera and photo editing, phone calls, SMS messaging, GPS, MP3 player
- 22List 3 emerging technologies and describe themAI- computer program or system that behaves in a similar way to humans.
Biometric- using a property of the human body to identify people
Computer assisted translation- Google translate
Quantum Cryptography- produce secure method of encryption
Vision enhancement- use of sensors that detect information from images
Holo-graphic imaging- illusion of depth in an image
Virtual reality- simulation of the real world
Robotics- use in warehouses, homes etc - 23—
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- Flashcards on Chapter 1- Types and components of computer system , created by Roohi Shafi on 20/02/2018.
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- Roohi Shafi · Feb 2018
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- Apr 6, 2018
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