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Flashcards

ISCI 2002 Exam 2 Chapter6

Kyanna Jackson Integrated Sciences English 51 cards

Cards in this deck (51)

  1. 1Temperature-A number that corresponds to the warmth or coldness of an object
    -(measure by a thermometer)
    -no upper limit
    -definite limit on lower end
    -"hot" & "cold" are relative terms
  2. 2Temperature depends onthe kinetic (motion) energy of the molecules of a substance
  3. 3Temperature:is a measure of average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance
  4. 4Thermometer:an instrument that utilizes the physical properties of materials for the purpose of accurately determining temperature
  5. 5Thermometeris used to measure temperature accurately
  6. 6Thermal expansion:is the physical property most commonly used to measure temperature
  7. 7Thermal expansion-expansion/contraction of metal
    -expansion/contraction of mercury or alcohol
    -red is alcohol, silver is mercury
  8. 8Liquid-in-glass ThermometerThermometers are calibrated to two reference points (ice point & steam point)
    -usually contains either mercury or red (colored) alcohol
  9. 9Ice point:the temperature of a mixture of pure ice and water at normal atmospheric pressure
  10. 10Steam point:the temperature at which pure water boils at normal atmospheric pressure
  11. 11Celsius scalenamed after Alfred Celsius (1701-1744)
    -Zero degrees Celsius for freezing point of water to 100 degrees Celsius for boiling point of water
    -Absolute zero at -273 degrees Celsius
  12. 12Fahrenheit scalenamed after G. D. Fahrenheit (1686-1736)
    -32 degrees Fahrenheit for freezing point of water to 212 degrees Fahrenheit for boiling point of water
    -Absolute zero at -460 degrees
  13. 13Kelvin scalenamed after Lord Kelvin (1824-1907)
    273 Kelvin for freezing point of water to 373 Kelvin for boiling point of water
    -Absolute zero at 0 Kelvin
    -Same size degrees as Celsius scale
    -Kelvins, rather than degrees used
  14. 14Celsius to KelvinK=C+273
  15. 15Celsius to FahrenheitF=1.8C+32
  16. 16Fahrenheit to CelsiusC=(F-32)/1.8
  17. 17There is twice as much molecular kinetic energy in 2 liters of boiling water as in 1 liter of boiling water. Which will be the same for both?Temperature
  18. 18Absolute Zero, or zero K-is lowest limit of temperature at -273 degrees Celsius
    -atoms or molecules have lost all available kinetic energy
    -substance at this temperature cannot get any colder
  19. 19Heat:defined as a flow of thermal energy due to a temperature difference
  20. 20Natural direction of heat flow is from a higher-temperature substance to a lower temperature substance*
  21. 21HeatKinetic and potential energy both exist at the molecular level
  22. 22Kinetic: motion of molecules Potential: bonds that result in the molecules oscillating back and forthThe total kinetic and potential energies is called the internal energy.
  23. 23When the same amount of heat is added to each of the two containers, the temperature increase will:depend on the amount of water in each
  24. 24Quantity of HeatHeat is energy in transit, measured in units or energy-Joules or calories
  25. 25calorie:defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 Celsius degree
  26. 264.19 joules= 1 calorie*
  27. 27Energy rating of food or fuelKilocarie: heat unit on labeling food
  28. 28One kilocalorie or Calorie (with a capital C) is the heat needed to change the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree celsius*
  29. 29Quantity of heat (summarized)-Heat is energy in transit
    -Heat is measured in joules, calories, or Calories
    -1 food Calorie equals 1000 calories
  30. 30Solid to Liquid Latent Heat of Fusion-heat necessary to go from A to B
  31. 31Liquid to gas Latent Heat of Vaporizationheat necessary to go from C to D
  32. 32Thermodynamics:movement of heat
  33. 33First law of thermodynamics:When heat flows to or from system, the system gains or loses an amount of heat equal to the amount of heat transferred
  34. 34First law of Thermodynamics:heat added= increase internal energy + external work done by the system
    -Energy can neither be created nor destroyed
  35. 35Second law of thermodynamics:Restates direction of heat flow
    Heat never spontaneously flows from a cold substance to a hot substance
  36. 36Second law of ThermodynamicsHeat can flow from cold to hot only when work is done on the system or by adding energy from another source (as in heat pumps and air conditioners, where the direction of heat flow isn't spontaneous)
  37. 37Second Law of ThermodynamicsHOT TO COLD, NEVER COLD TO HOT
  38. 38Third Law of Thermodynamics:No system can reach absolute zero
  39. 39When work is done on a system, compressing air in a tire pump for example, the temperature of the system:increases
    -In accord with the 1st law of thermodynamics, work input increases the energy of the system
  40. 40When a hot cup is filled with water, the direction of heat flow is:from the cup to the water
    -2nd law of thermodynamics tells us that the direction of unassisted heat flow is from hot to cold
  41. 41Specific Heat Capacity-is defined as the quantity of heat required to change the temperature of 1 unit mass of substance by 1 degree, sometimes simply called specific heat
  42. 42The specific heat or the amount of heat necessary to change the temperature of a given substance depends on 3 factors:1) The mass (m) of the substance
    2) The heat (c) of the substance
    3) The amount of temperature change (^T)
  43. 43Specific Heat of Water:1 kcal
  44. 44Using Specific HeatH= mc^T
    H: amount of heat to change temperature
    m: mass
    c: specific heat capacity of the substance
    ^T: change in temperature
  45. 45The greater the specific heat of a substance, the greater is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit of mass.The greater the specific heat of a substance the greater its capacity to store more heat energy
  46. 46Water has a very high heat capacity, therefore can store large amounts of heat.Units are J/kg degrees Celsius or kcal/kg degrees Celsius
  47. 47Which has the higher specific heat, water or land?Water
  48. 48Thermal Expansion Due to rise in temperature of a substance; molecules jiggle faster and move farther apartMost substances expand when heated, and contract when cooled
  49. 49Expansion of WaterWater expands when it turns to ice. Ice has open-structured crystals resulting from strong bonds at certain angles that increase its volume. This makes ice less dense than water
  50. 50Water between 0 degrees Celsius and 4 degrees Celsius-does not expand with temperature
    -as temperature of 0 degrees Celsius water rises, contraction occurs due to melting of ice crystals in water
    -contraction of water continues until 4 degrees Celsius
  51. 51When a sample of 0 degree Celsius water is heated, it first:contracts

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Integrated Sciences Flashcards on ISCI 2002 Exam 2 Chapter6, created by Kyanna Jackson on 02/03/2018.
Created by
Kyanna Jackson · Mar 2018
Updated
Mar 9, 2018
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