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Matt Barnes Systems and Aerodynamics English 200 cards

Cards in this deck (200)

  1. 1PCN/ACNACN can't be greater than PCN
  2. 2Safety (squat) switchsenses weight on landing gear
    As long as the aircraft's weight is on its landing gear, cannot retract undercarriage or pressurize cabin
  3. 3Safety (squat) switch AKAretraction lock.
    Weight on Wheels lock.
  4. 4Lever lock override switchif your flying and air/ground gear logic system (safety/squat switch) still thinks ur on ground, deploy this to get gear up
  5. 5Sequencing valvesdoors don’t open in bad order
  6. 6Some gears remain open when landing gear down and only close when landing gear up. These doors are operated ....mechanically
  7. 7Gear OFF selection- blocks hydraulic pressure at the ‘selector valve’.
    - Reduces chance of leaking during flight and reduces wear and tear.
    Gear now held in the UP position during flight by MECHANICAL UPLOCKS.
  8. 8Secondary Function of Gear OFF selectionalso hold the doors closed
  9. 9MECHANICAL UPLOCKSHolds gear and doors up when GEAR OFF selection
  10. 10Nose Gear steering is powered... byhydraulically
  11. 11What steering column used to steer nose gearTiller
  12. 12What mechanical component moves nosewheeltorsion links
  13. 13Steering lock out pinused in push back
    prevent stress on steering wheel
    If not removed, you aint going anywhere BOOHT
  14. 14APEX PINstronger than steering lock out pin
    used in towing operations
  15. 15APEX pin allows for what turnssharp turns
  16. 16How does APEX pin mechanically workNosewheel steering is disconnected at ‘nose gear torsion links’
  17. 17When Jets only use tiller to steer on groundRudder not used in TO roll until 80kts acheived
  18. 18Steering shut off valve:Activates at take off
    hydraulic pressure is no longer applied to the steering mechanism
    Prevents gear turning and cause the gear to no longer fit in the well upon retraction.
  19. 19Centreing mechanism:Cams that centre nosewheel after TO
  20. 20Follow up linkage:Opposes self centering tendency during turns
    Returns the steering mechanism to neutral.
    helps you maintain steering radius
  21. 21Body Gear Steering. How do body gears know how much to turn?Receives electrical signals from the movement of the front nose gear.
  22. 22Body Gear Steering Powered byHydraulics
  23. 23Body Gear Steering. Body Gear moves what direction?Opposite to Nose wheel
  24. 24Purpose Body Gear SteeringReduce wear and tear
  25. 25What must the pilot do to use Body gear steeringArm it
  26. 26Precautions using Body Gear Steering on groundPilot must disarm it before TO/LDG
  27. 27Tilting trucks:Gear is hydraulically tilted after take off to allow gear to fit into a smaller sized well.
  28. 28If the Tilting Trucks aren't working or the Gear is not centered, what system prevents Gear retracting is called?Landing Gear Level Lock
  29. 29What does the Landing Gear Level Lock work?NEEDS A CLOSED CIRCUIT TO ALLOW GEAR UP
  30. 30Extension of the Land Gear is powered by?extension is done hydraulically
  31. 31What system is used if hydraulic power fails and gear cannot be extendedelectric motor drives ‘alternate gear extension system’
    AGES
  32. 32What does the alternate gear extension system (AGES) do?Electric motor used as backup to extend landing gear
  33. 33Sequence of alternate gear extension sequence (AGES)Door opens
    Gear unlocks and it freefalls
    Gear locks it in down position
    Gear door remains, and you can’t retract the gear
  34. 34Downfall of using AGESCannot retract Gear once extended
  35. 35Ground locksLocks installed by ground crew
  36. 36Ground Locks useneed to be removed before taxi
  37. 37Appearance of Ground locksRed streamers on these
  38. 38Landing Gear Green LightsIf 3 landing gears, 3 green = 3 DOWN
    If 5 landing gears, 1 GEAR DOWN light
  39. 39If 5 landing gears, how to tell which landing gear has failedCheck ‘Engine Indicated and Crew Alerting System’ (EICAS)
  40. 40What system detects position of each landing gear‘Dual fail safe proximity switches’
  41. 41How do ‘Dual fail safe proximity switches’ work?located on each switch.
    These use electromagnetic sensors detect different voltages depending on position.
  42. 42Brakes are powered by?Hydraulics
  43. 43In manual mode, the brake pressure is determined byhow hard the pilot presses down.
  44. 44Brake energy level is defined asthe amount of kinetic energy converted to heat energy
  45. 45Purpose of Spoilers in Brakingtransfer weight to the landing gear to aid in braking.
  46. 46Pilot operation of Emergency Brakes (alternate brakes)When normal braking system fails, Emergency Brakes automatically switches over
    This is done by a shuttle valve
    Pilot simply continues using brake pedals
  47. 47Alternate Brakes use what mechanical/hydraulic componentShuttle Valve
  48. 48Emergency Brakes are powered by?Pnuematics or Hydraulics
  49. 49Emergency Brakes physically use what?Use a different source (hydraulic/pnuematic)
    but is fed to the same braking system
  50. 50What are the names of the component which ensures that if a leak in the hydraulic system occurs, only one brake will be affected?LOCKOUT VALVES/ HYDRAULIC FUSES
    When leak occurs downstream of valve, only that individual brake will be affected
  51. 51How does the Lockout Valve physically work?Uses a spring
    If flow is excessive, spring is forced back and closes the leak
  52. 52What component dictates the amount of braking force applied to each wheel in differential brakingBrake metering valve
  53. 53While differential braking is available, it is not normally used to assist minimum radius turns unless....the nosewheel is able to castor beyond the normal steerable range
  54. 54When Autobrake is armed, if pilot touches brakes...manual braking engaged and auto disengaged
  55. 55As speed decreases autobrake system has to apply...?More breaking pressure to maintain constant deceleration (since less drag and downforce)
  56. 56If reverse thrust is used during autobrakeautobrake brakes less to maintain constant desired deacceleration
  57. 57Unless disarmed, autobrake will...take you to a complete stop
  58. 58Different settings used for Autobrake1,2,3,4 or Maximum
  59. 59Meanings for different settings used for Autobrake1,2 used for dry runway
    3 Wet
    4 Icy
    Max used in emergency
  60. 60Strength of Max Autobrake compared to Max Manual BrakeMax Autobrake is less than Manual
  61. 61Warning lights for Autobrake engage whenAutobrake fails
    pilot takes over
  62. 62Use of Autobrake during TOCan be used for Rejected TO
  63. 63Pilot use of Autobrake during RTOIt will only operate if it is armed
    It will operate if Thrust is brought to Idle above 85kts
  64. 64Strength of Autobraking during RTOAs strong as Max Manual Braking
  65. 65CANCELLING AUTO BREAK?** adding power above idle will cancel AUTO break*
    **stowing the speed break lever on the ground*
    ** rotating selector to off/disarm*
    **manual braking*
  66. 66Automatic Retraction BrakingAutomatic retraction braking applies light braking to stop spinning of wheels
    Automatic Retraction Braking engaged by GEAR UP
  67. 67Park Brake is powered by?Hydraulics
    Anti-skid system
  68. 68Pilot use of Park Brakepress the pedals, and arm the level, stop pressing pedals
  69. 69Pilot disarm of Park BrakeTo release park brake, press in the pedals
  70. 70Wheel well fire detectionSensor in wheel well firewall triggers notice to pilot. Checklist then required.
    If temps too high, Fusible plugs melt and deflate tyres
  71. 71Brake pressure indicator shows pressure where?brake accumulator or pump pressure.
    NOT the pressure at the brakes.
  72. 72Amber PARK BRAKE meanspark brakes are set
  73. 73the accumulator maintainsSteady break pressure
  74. 74Meaning and what to do if ANTI-SKID light appearsindicate failure of the electronics of anti-skid system.
    turn the system OFF.
  75. 75Warning given if wheel well fire detectedred light and bell
  76. 76Color markings on brake temp indicatorAmount of brake useage depends on color marking
  77. 77Temperature Units for Brakes and meanings5-9 units: Brakes require cooling before TO
    If above 9 units, do not TO
  78. 78Pilot action if brakes hot before LDGextend the gear early
  79. 79Pilot action if brakes hot after TOdelay retraction
  80. 80Actions if Wheel fuse plugs melttyre is deflated
    youll have to replace tyre
  81. 81If you do not have triple redundancy, you needManual Reversion
  82. 82What physically is manual reversionManual Control linkages
    to control surfaces
  83. 83Using Manual ReversionVery heavy controls
    Limited control surface movement
  84. 84How many backup systems in triple reversion?2
  85. 85Do ‘Fly by wire’ systems have manual reversion?no
  86. 86Artificial feel given to powered controls is known asq-feel
  87. 87Q-feel is based onAirspeed
    Dynamic Pressure
  88. 88Redundancy in artificial feel is provided byhydraulics or springs in controls
  89. 89Purpose of control balancereduce control loads
  90. 903 easy Examples of control balancesInternal mass balances utilising counterweights
    control tabs
    horn balances
  91. 91Last hard example of control balanceinternal balance panels with hinge line aft of the leading edge of the control surface, often with a flexible seal inside the wing structure to assist with maintaining pressure differential over the panel and oppose the airload on the control surface.
  92. 92What is it called When full deflection not possible since hydraulic pressure not strong enough against airflowJack Stall
  93. 93Uses for Variable incidence tailplaneAssist the elevator
    Used for Pitch Trim
  94. 94Benefits of Variable incidence tailplaneReduces Trim drag since no trim tabs are needed
  95. 95How is tailplane poweredHydraulically or electrically powered, or both as redundancy
  96. 96Examples of Leading Edge devicesslots, slats, krueger flaps
  97. 97Purpose of Leading edge devicesDelay stall and allow higher stalling AoA
    allow lower landing speeds
  98. 98Difference between slots and slatsSlots re-energise the boundary layer
    Slats and leading edge devices increase the camber.
  99. 99Which flaps increase surface areaFowler
  100. 100Purpose of slotted flapsenergise boundary layer and delay stall, allow higher body angle on approach
  101. 101Leading edge devices are powered bypneumatic air or hydraulics.
    If these fail, an alternate electric system can move them.
  102. 102Types of Flap Overspeed Protection‘Flap Limiter’ (Automatically retracts flaps if overspeed is detected)
    Hydraulic Blow Back Valve (excessive air loads force flaps up)
  103. 103Flap lever in cockpit during flap overspeed protectiondoes not move
  104. 104The condition when use of differential braking (independent main wheel brake application) is permitted on a large transport aircraft to assist nose wheel steering and tighten radius of turn is?Only when the nose wheel becomes castoring past its angular travel
  105. 105Minimum speed for hydroplaning risk can be determined by9 times the square root of the tyre pressure in PSI for a rotating wheel
    7 times the square root of the tyre pressure in PSI for a non-rotating wheel
  106. 106Purpose of Chines is to?Deflect Water and Sludge
  107. 107The purpose of a marstrand tyre is toReduce nose wheel shimmy
    (hydraulic steer damper also helps with this)
  108. 108Advantages of TricycleGreater braking potential (less risk of nose over)
    Higher landing speeds
    Less tendency to ground loop
    Better visibility due to lower nose attitude
  109. 109Bogie Configurationmore than one axle on a gear leg
    Allows for more wheels on 1 leg, lower ACN
  110. 110What bogie configuration is preferred?Rear trailing bogie preferred since it lessens the tendency for nosewheel to slam into ground.
  111. 111Nosewheel Shimmy is prevented by?Hydraulic Steer Damper
    Marstrand tyres
  112. 1125 Functions of AntiskidNormal
    Locked wheel
    Touchdown
    Hydroplaning
    Fail Safe
  113. 113Normal Function of Antiskid isprevents wheel lock under normal conditions
  114. 114Locked wheel Function of Antiskid isfull releases break when running over patch of ice
    (to allow it to speed up again)
  115. 115Touchdown protection Function of Antiskid isprevents landing with locked wheels (only brakes 20kt+)
  116. 116Fail safe protection Function of Antiskid isdisables system when fault occurs
  117. 117To prevent pressure pulses damaging other brake systems, what component is installedModulator Valve
  118. 118How does a modulator valve workit decreases the intensity of the pressure variations
  119. 119What powers the park brake after engine is turned on?Normal hydraulic system
  120. 120What powers the park brake after engine is turned off?Accumulator
  121. 121For pneumatics, Air is generally bled from?intermediate stage (IP stage)
    or
    the low pressure stage (LP stage) of the compressor
  122. 122At low engine speeds, air is bled from?HP stage of compressor
  123. 123How is air bled fromt HP stage of compressorregulating valve at the HP outlet (a pneumatically controlled butterfly valve)
    and
    an IP check valve to prevent flow reversal
  124. 124What happens next when air is bled from compressor?Engine bleed air mixed with cool air from fan.
  125. 125What component dictates how much fan air is mixed in order to regulate the temperature (2 names)Pre-cooler modulating valve
    aka fan air valve
  126. 126Bleed air sent to left and right ducts. Two sides connected by manifold. Separation of sides is controlled byIsolation Valve in manifold.
  127. 127Name of component that detects leaks in pneumatics?Leak Detection Loops
  128. 128Describe Leak Detection Loopsuse "continuous elements" to detect leak
  129. 129Once leak is detected,it must be isolated and bleed source turned off to prevent structural damage.
  130. 130Use of engine bleed air on power?Power is reduced
  131. 131Use of engine bleed air during descentOn descent, flight idle RPM insufficient, so idle RPM needs to be adjusted.
  132. 132Parts of the engine which are anti-icedInlet guide vanes
    Engine nose cone (including EPR Probe) (Pt2)
    Inlet duct
    Nose cowl leading edges
  133. 133How does ice detector workIce buildup will slow down freq. This will illuminate cockpit warning for 1 minute. Automatically turn on the probe heater which will de-ice the probe.
    If probe re-ices before 1 minute timer finishes, warning light will stay on continuously. If probe does not re-ice, warning light will turn off.
  134. 134Type 1 Anti-icing description(unthickened)
    High glycol content (min 80%)
    low viscosity (except at low temps)
    dyed orange to aid in identification and application.
  135. 135viscosity of Type 1 Anti-icing depends onTemperature alone
  136. 136Use of for Type 1 Anti-Icetypically sprayed on hot (130–180 °F, 55–80 °C) at high pressure to remove snow, ice, and frost.
  137. 137Type 2 Anti-Ice descriptioncontains thickening agent to prevent their immediate flow off aircraft surfaces.
    Typically the fluid film will remain in place until the aircraft attains 100 knots
  138. 138Pilot use of wing anti-iceControlled from cockpit by single wing anti-ice switch.
  139. 139Use of Wing Anti-Ice on groundAir/ground logic system prevents use on ground.
    Wing Anti-ice shuts down automatically once landed.
  140. 140Wing Anti-Ice. If disagreement between switch and valveamber "VALVE"
    light for each wing
  141. 141In event of Wing Anti-Ice Failure"ANTI ICE"
    light for each wing
  142. 142What value must be changed when Wing Anti-Ice is being used?Maximum Engine Pressure Ratio (EPR) must be decreased.
  143. 143How are corrections made for the decreased Maximum EPR when wing icing is being used?Corrections are made automatically
    These corrections are based off the position of the valve, not switch
  144. 144When must Engine Icing be used on ground?When Icing conditions exist
  145. 145To prevent flame out by ice ingestionengine ignition automatically activated when engine anti-icing is turned on.
    Engine starter must be in AUTOMATIC for this to work.
  146. 146What value must be changed when Engine Anti-Icing is being used?Decreased Max EPR
  147. 147How is decreased Max EPR calculated when engine anti-icing is being used?Corrections done automatically
    Done by sensing the switch position NOT the valve position
    (Engine = Switch)
    (Wing = Valve)
  148. 148When testing Wing icing on ground,VALVE light will illuminate if valves are open
    Timed delay automatically closes valves to protect wings
  149. 149Where is Icing detected?Nose of airplane
  150. 150What light will appear when ice is detected?Amber ICING
  151. 151When will amber ICING turn off?When icing no longer present
  152. 152When will ICING light be inhibited?When icing detection system is inoperative
  153. 153Windshield fogging accomplished byducting aircon inside cabin from top of windshield.
    Takes place continually and is independent of window heat.
  154. 154Which windows have anti-icing and anti-fogging?All have anti-fogging
    Only middle have anti-icing
  155. 155Windows are physically heated by?passing a current through a thin film in the laminated glass
    this may make windows appear tinted at an angle
  156. 156Anti-fogging is dependent/independent of window heating?independent,
    takes place continually
  157. 157Settings for windsheild wiper?OFF
    LOW
    HIGH
  158. 158Pilot use of rain repellentused intermittently
    Applied one windscreen at a time
  159. 159Use of rain repellent to clean windscreendo not do
  160. 160If rain repellent accidentally applied,do not use windshield wipers until required for rain removal.
  161. 161rain repellent redundancyEach windshield has its own rain repellent system (if one fails, can still do the other).
  162. 162Can Electrical Power be used to power hydraulic pumps?Yes
  163. 163Generators provide what type of current?3 phase alternating current (115V, 400Hz)
  164. 164After start, what generally supplies powerGenerators
  165. 165Before Start Power is supplied byAC provided by Auxillary Power Unit (APU) or Ground Power Unit (GPU
  166. 166APU located wherein tail
  167. 167How can APU generate electricity?It drives an AC generator identical to main generator
  168. 168Can an APU generate pnuematic power?Yes, it has a large compressor
  169. 169What is the compressor bleed air generated by the APU used for?air for pneumatic system (aircon) on the ground
    air for main engine start
  170. 170Does an APU have a CSD?No
  171. 171What power can an APU supply in flight?AC current at all altitudes
    bleed air at low altitudes
    Electrical energy for failed generator
  172. 172Where does APU get fuel?from main tanks
  173. 173Purpose of Ram Air Turbine (RAT)drive a generator in Emergency
    run hydraulics in Emergency
  174. 174Does a RAT have a CSU?Yes.
    Variable pitch prop with own CSU
  175. 175Conditions of using Ram Air TurbineCant be retracted once deployed.
    Only retracted on ground.
  176. 176Can hydraulics be used to obtain electricity?Yes. Some AC have another generator driven by the hydraulic system for added redundancy
  177. 177Batteries provide what current?DC
  178. 178APU is isolated bya firewall
  179. 179Why don't APUs need a CSD to power generators?They already run at constant speed
  180. 180Where does APU get air to run its engine?Air taken from door situated high on fuselage.
    If this door fails to open, APU cannot run.
  181. 181If APU is to power Pnuematics at low altitudes, where does it bleed air from?last part of compressor
  182. 182When APUs annot always supply bleed pneumatic air at correct pressure and temperature....Another Compressor downstream helps to provide correct temp and pressure.
  183. 183Construction of APU engine section3 stage axial compressor, centrifugal compressor, 2 stage axial turbine
    Centrifugal compressor is run by free power turbine
  184. 184What pumps used to deliver fuel to APUNormally AC pump delivers
    If AC pump unavailable, DC pump powers automatically until AC pump is available
  185. 185DC fuel pump is powered by?main aircraft battery
  186. 186How does APU power its own starter motor?With use of its own battery
  187. 187How does APU open its inlet door?With use of its own battery
  188. 188What powers fire extinguishers and fire detector loopsThe main battery
  189. 189APU Shutdown whilst providing bleed airshutdown will close the bleed air valve, but APU will continue to run for 1-2 minutes to cool down.
  190. 190APU Shutdown whilst not providing bleed airAPU shuts down without delay.
  191. 191Can APUs be operated on the Ground unattended? Without crew members on board...Yes, since they have significant automatic monitoring and fault detection
  192. 192Remote Shutdown of APU is done by? when is it necessary?shut down from a panel located on nose gear strut or nose wheel well
    Used in case of fires
  193. 193Exhaust of APU200 deg 30ft behind exhaust
  194. 194Benefits of ACweight saving
    space saving
    low current transmission
  195. 195Unit of electrical Power is Watt1 watt = 1 volt x 1 ampere.
  196. 196Voltage RegulatorControls output voltage (regulates voltage)
    By changing current
  197. 197Rectifier does what to currentAC → DC.
  198. 198Series wounds generator(serious -> as one increases, as does the other)
    as load increase, voltage increases
    Generator field in series to armature (the coil/s)
  199. 199Shunt (parallel) wound generator(shit -> as load increases, other decreases)
    as load increases, voltage decreases
    Generator field in parallel to armature (the coil/s)
  200. 200Compound wound generator:(compound = 2)
    Uses both parallel and series wound to armature (the coil/s)
    Constant voltage range over a range of loads
    Most common type

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Systems and Aerodynamics Flashcards on 1, created by Matt Barnes on 17/03/2018.
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Matt Barnes
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