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Flashcards

Biology Term 1

Kye Gaviglio English 67 cards

Label the Kidney

Cards in this deck (67)

  1. 1HomeostatisKeeps the body at a controlled state, brings the body back to 'Normal Limits'
  2. 2Negative Feedback Cycle1. Stimulus, e.g Cold
    2. Receptor, e.g pain receptor or brain
    3. Transmission of Message, e.g CNS & PNS
    4. Effector, e.g Skeletal Muscles
    5. Response, e.g Shivering
  3. 32 stages of NFB1. Detecting the change
    2. Counteracting the change
  4. 4Positive FeedbackAmplifies the stimulus instead of stabilizing it, only occurs during a women gives birth
  5. 5Examples of HomeostasisThe Excretory System
    The Nervous System
    The Endocrine System
    Plant Hormones & Tropisms
  6. 6Label the KidneyLabel the KidneyLabel the Kidney
  7. 7Functions of the Kidney- Main organ of water balance
    - Receives blood from renal artery
    - Gets rid of nitrogenous wastes (toxic to body)
    - Urea is the broken down product of proteins
  8. 8Explain the Nephron-Kidney contains more then 1 million Nephrons
    - Blood is filtered by Nephrons
    - Turns toxic waste into urea
    - Distributes excess minerals back into the body    Explain the Nephron
  9. 9Parts of the Nephron- Glomerulus
    - Bowman's Capsule
    - Proximal tubule
    - Loop of Henle
    - Distal tubule
    - Collecting duct
  10. 10Function of GlomerulusPressure is created here to excrete wastes
  11. 11Function of Bowman's CapsuleSurrounds Glomerulus
  12. 12Proximal tubuleCarries urine in the Nephron
  13. 13Loop of HenleGives Medulla a straightened appearance
  14. 14Distal TubuleCarries urine to the collecting duct, last part of Nephron
  15. 15Collecting DuctCarries urine to the ureters to be stored in Bladder
  16. 16What happens to excess H20 and Co2 in the NephronInstead of being excreted with waste during the process they are reabsorbed
  17. 17Parts of the Nervous System- CNS
    - PNS
    - Brain
    - Spinal Cord
    - Nerves
  18. 18CNS (Central Nervous System) functionControls message to and from the Brain and Spinal Cord
  19. 19PNS (Peripheral Nervous System) FunctionControls nervous messages everywhere else other then the Brain and Spine
  20. 20Sensory Neurons- Carries message from receptor organ to CNS
    - Transmits Sensory information
    (relating to sensation or the physical senses; transmitted or perceived by the senses)
  21. 21Motor Neurons- Carries message from CNS to the effector organs
    - Transmits information away from CNS
  22. 22IntemeuronsCarries messages from within the CNS
  23. 23Neurons UniquenessAll Neurons vary greatly in shape, size and complexity
  24. 24What are the parts of the Sensory Neuron/DivisionSomatic and Viscreal
  25. 25Function of Somatic NervesBrings info to CNS from external environments
  26. 26Function of Visceral NervesBrings info to CNS from internal environment
  27. 27What are the parts of the Motor Neurons/DivisionAutonomic and Somatic
  28. 28Function of Autonomic NervesAutonomic nerves controls involuntarily actions e.g Breathing
  29. 29Function of Somatic NervesSomatic are nerves you have to activate manually e.g moving
  30. 30Parasympathetic Nervous System (another PNS)Controls homeostasis and the body at rest and is responsible for the body's "rest and digest" function
  31. 31Sympathetic System (SNS)Controls the body's responses to a precieved threat and is responsible for the "flight or fight" response
  32. 32What Nervous system do the Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Nervous Systems fall underThe Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) which is responsible for the involuntary functions of the body
  33. 33What are the three different nervesAfferent Neurone
    Interneurone
    Efferent Neurone
  34. 34Afferent Neurone Interneurone Efferent NeuroneAfferent Neurone Interneurone Efferent Neurone
  35. 35Function of a NeuronSends messages to CNS or PNS
    message always travels in one direction
    DENDRITE > CELL BODY > AXON
  36. 36Parts of a Neuron- Cell Body
    - Axon
    - Dendrites
    - Synaptic/axons terminals
    - Myelin sheath
  37. 37Function of Cell BodyHolds the neculus, body of cell
  38. 38Function of AxonPasses message, electrical impulse
  39. 39Function of DendritesReceives messages
  40. 40Synaptic TerminalPasses next message on to the next body
  41. 41Myelin SheathInsulates the nerve cell
  42. 42What is the junction between two nerves called?Synpase
  43. 43What is a neurotransmitterThe transmitter substance between nerves
  44. 44What is a neurohormoneThis hormone is released into the blood
  45. 453 Parts of the BrainCerebrum, large part of brain
    The stem, at base of brain
    Cerebellum, back of brain
  46. 46What is the main role of the HypothalamusPlays a large role in the regulation of various processes
  47. 47What is a Reflex ArcA reflex arc is an automated reaction to a dangerous stimulus, the message is sent straight to the spinal cord to get a faster response to stray away from the danger quicker e.g hot stoveWhat is a Reflex Arc
  48. 48What a hormonesAnother communication messenger like the nervous system but sends chemical messengers
  49. 49How are hormones transportedThrough the bloodstream
  50. 50Different types of hormonesAmino acid
    Steroid Hormones
    Protein hormones
  51. 51What is GlucoseA soluble sugar, required for energy e.g abundance in carbohydrates (Increasing Blood Glucose Levels)
  52. 52What is GlycogenStorage of glucose, found in the liver or skeletal muscles
  53. 53What is GluagonHormone produced by alpha cells in the pancreas, sends message to glycogen in liver to release glucose
  54. 54What is InsulinHormone produced by beta cells in the pancreas, causes uptake/gets rid of glucose from blood cells (Decreasing Blood Glucose Levels)
  55. 55Why does someone with diabetes require Insulin shotsThey can't decrease Blood Glucose Levels naturally as they are unable to produced Insulin, Diabetes patients have high BG Levels
  56. 56What is the Thyroid GlandThe Thyroid gland produces a hormone called Thyroxine which controls the metabolic rate of body cells (metabolism)
  57. 57What is the sequence of messages to release Thyroxine from the ThyroidTRF from the Hypothalamus stimulates the Pituitary gland to form and release TSH, TSH stimulates the Thyroid to form and release Thyroxine, Thyroxine even contributes to the production of TRF in the Hypothalamus
  58. 58Difference better Nerves and HormonesHormones are secreted into the blood stream, are in direct, slow and last longer
    Nerves are an electrical impulse, direct, fast and short lasting
  59. 59What is the main hormone in a plantAuxin, produced in the tip, contributes to growth of plant cells via elongation and enlargement towards a stimulus
  60. 60What is phototropismAuxin causes the plant to react to the stimulus of light by leaning towards it
  61. 61What is GeotropismAuxin causes the plant to react to the stimulus of Gravity by growing to deal with gravity
  62. 62What is ThigmotropismAuxin cause the plant to reacted to the stimulus of touch e.g prickles and closing up
  63. 63What is HydrotropismAuxin cause the plant to respond to the stimulus of Water by growing towards it
  64. 64What are the effects of another plant hormone, Abscisic Acid, on fruitsThis hormones increasing growth and aging of fruits
  65. 65What is AbscissionThe separation of a plant part such as a leaf or fruit
  66. 66What is the hormone EthyleneProduced by metabolism in some plants, fixes bruised fruits also ripening fruit a lot quicker
  67. 67How does the presence of Auxin in stem of a plant mean for abscissionCauses the plant not to produce branches/ growth horizontally causing abscission not to occur

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Flashcards on Biology Term 1, created by Kye Gaviglio on 19/03/2018.
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Kye Gaviglio
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