Flashcards
PE REVISION CARDS
Cards in this deck (43)
- 1WHAT IS CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY?The increase in size and strength of the heart muscle
- 2WHAT IS STROKE VOLUME?The volume o blood that is pumped from the left ventricle
- 3WHAT DOES CARDIAC OUTPUT MEAN?The amount of blood pumped by the heart every minute
- 4WHAT IS BLOOD PRESSURE?The pressure of blood against the vein walls in the circulatory system
- 5WHAT IS AN ANTICIPATORY RESPONSE?The nerves that directly supply your heart with chemicals in the blood that rapidly alter to increase your heart rate before exercise
- 6WHAT HAPPENS TO YOUR HEART AS SOON AND YOU START TO EXERCISE?Your heart rate will increase because your working muscles are demanding more oxygen. this increased heart rate will also assist the removal of waste products, such as CO2
- 7WHAT HAPPENS TO YOUR RESPIRATORY SYSTEM WHEN YOU START TO EXERCISE?Your breathing rate, which is your tidal volume, will increase to allow more oxygen into the body
- 8WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF BLOOD VESSELS? (In Order)Artery
Arteriole
Capillaries
Venule
Vein - 9WHAT IS TIDAL VOLUME?The volume of air breathed in and out with each breath
- 10WHAT IS MINUTE VOLUME?This can be determined by the breathing rate and the volume of air taken in with each breath every minute
- 11WHAT IS RESIDUAL VOLUME?The air that remains in your lungs after maximal expiration
- 12WHAT IS VITAL CAPACITY?The amount of air that can be forced out of your lungs after maximal inspiration
- 13WHAT IS TOTAL LUNG VOLUME?The total lung capacity after a deep inhale after maximal inspiration
- 14WHAT IS INITIATORY RESERVE VOLUME?Taking in more oxygen than usual by breathing deeper
- 15WHAT IS EXPIATORY LUNG VOLUME?The amount of additional air that can be breathed out after normal expiration
- 16WHAT IS THE JOB OF AN ARTERY?To carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the arteriole
- 17WHAT IS THE JOB OF AN ARTERIOLE?To deliver the oxygenated blood to the capillaries
- 18WHAT IS THE JOB OF CAPILLARIES?To connect arteries and veins and to diffuse oxygen and CO2
- 19WHAT ARE THE FIVE FUNCTIONS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM?DRTFC
Delivering oxygen and nutrients
Removing waste products
Thermoregulation
(Vasodilation, Vasoconstriction)
Fighting infection
Clotting blood - 20WHY IS DELIVERING OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS IMPORTANT?Because the delivery allows your working muscles to work efficiently due to them receiving the oxygen that they are demanding. this also helps to remove waste products that they are producing
- 21NAME A WAST PRODUCT WHILE EXERCISINGCarbon dioxide
Lactic acid - 22WHAT HELPS OUR BODY FIGHT INFECTION AND HOW?Whit blood cells, that are formed in bone marrow, digest pathogens
- 23WHAT HELPS TO CLOT BLOOD?Platelets with plasma help to create layers of clotted blood
- 24WHAT IS VASOCONSTRICTION?Vasoconstriction causes a decrease in diameter of the blood vessels. this will result in an increase in temperature because the heat moved away from the body's surface
- 25WHAT IS VASODILATION?Vasodilation is the widening of blood vessels. This happens because the involuntary muscle fibres within the vessel walls relax, resulting in your body temperature decreasing as the heat rises to the skin
- 26WHAT IS A BLOOD VESSEL?A blood vessel is a tubular structure carrying blood through the tissues and organs
- 27WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ARTERIES AND VEINS?Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the working muscles and organs
Veins carry deoxygenated blood from the working muscles and organs to the heart - 28WHAT IS GASEOUS EXCHANGE AND WHERE DOES IT TAKE PLACE?It is the delivery of oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream and the removal of waste products, such as carbon dioxide. This happens in the lungs between the alveoli and a network of small blood vessels known as capillaries
- 29WHAT IS BLOOD MADE OF?Plasma
Water
Salts and Proteins
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets - 30WHAT IS EPICARDIUM?The outer surface of the myocardium
- 31WHAT IS MYOCARDIUM?The heart muscle
- 32WHAT IS ENDOCARDIUM?The inner surface of the myocardium
- 33DESCRIBE THE PULMONARY AND SYSTEMIC CIRCUITThe pulmonary circuit carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs so it can become oxygenated
The systemic circuit carries oxygenated blood to the working muscles and organs - 34WHAT DOES SAN STAND FOR?Sinoatrial Node
- 35WHAT DOES AVN STAND FOR?Atrioventricular Node
- 36WHAT IS A CARDIAC CYCLE?The cardiac cycle is what happens when the heart beats. it has two phases: diastolic and systolic.
Diastolic is when the heart ventricles are relaxed and systolic is when the ventricles contract. - 37WHAT DOES SANDS STAND FOR? DESCRIBE...SANDS stand for sudden arrythmic death syndrome and it is a genetic heart condition that can cause death
- 38WHAT IS HYPOTHERMIA?Hypothermia is where your body reaches a temperature below 35 degrees celsius (ideal is 37 degrees celsius) and it can cause shivering, confusion and your heart rate to stop beating
- 39WHAT IS HYPERTHERMIA?Hyperthermia is when your body temperature rises due to too much heat. Heat is a waste product that is produced by the body and you can sweat to release the heat. wearing the correct clothing will help regulate your temperature while exercising
- 40WHAT IS HYPERTENSION? EXPLAIN...Hypertension is high blood pressure. Exercise can effect blood pressure and the heart will have to work harder to push more blood out of the heart with greater force. this sudden increase can be dangerous
- 41WHAT IS HYPOTENSION? EXPLAIN...Hypotension is low blood pressure. this is where your blood moves slower around the body because it is restricted and cannot reach the organs or working muscles. symptoms can include dizziness, fainting and tiredness. this will make performance poor because the heart will not respond
- 42NAME THREE SHORT TERM EFFECTS ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM DUE TO EXERCISECardiac output increases due to an increase in heart rate. Cardiac output increases due to an increase in stroke volume
- 43NAME THREE LONF TERM EFFECTS ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM DUE TO EXERCISEThe heart muscle increases in size and strength. The cardiac output increases and your develop a lower resting heart rate