Flashcards
Geography resources
Cards in this deck (41)
- 1A resource is...something we use
- 2The 3 main resources areFood, water, energy
- 3Consumption depends on...wealth, are able to afford a higher standard of living
- 4Food is needed because...Needed to stop malnourishment/ undernourishment
Malnourishment increases likelihood of getting diseases- ⅓ of under 5’s die due to diseases linked to malnourishment
Not enough food- don’t do as well at school or they can’t work - 5Clean water is needed because...Need to drink, cook and wash
Without proper sanitation- water can become polluted by raw sewage
Water borne diseases kill many people a year
Having to walk long distances to get clean water- reduces time that can be spent working/ learning
Needed to produce products too - 6Energy is needed for...Used for industry, transport and homes
Allows industries to develop
HIC’s depend a lot on a stable supply of energy
Otherwise people rely on fossil fuels/ fuel wood for heating and cooking leading to deforestation
Can be used to power water pumps - 7House hold use has increased because of...more appliances and an increased population
- 8Water pollution is caused by...fertilisers, chemical/oil spills, from factories and pollutants from vehicles
- 9Water pollution can be decreased by...regulations and drainage systems
- 10Water transfer schemes:transfer water from an area of surplus to an area of deficit
- 11Negative affects of water transfer schemes:Dams/ aqueducts are expensive to build
Affects wildlife
Political issues- people not wanting water to be transferred - 12How food demand has changedWant seasonal foods all year round
Want more exotic foods - 13Organic food:food that is grown according to strict regulations such as using no fertilisers
- 14Carbon footprint:Caused by packaging, growing and processing food- the amount of CO2 produced from when it's farmed to when it's eaten
- 15Food miles:The carbon dioxide produced from moving food
- 16Agribusiness:industrialized farming controlled by large firms
- 17Negative impacts of agribusinessChemical use has been increasing
Falling use of workers
Removed hedgerows reduces biodiversity
Heavy machinery causes soil erosion - 18Shake gas useExtracted by pumping fluid at high pressures into shale rock to crack it forcing gases that have been trapped to flow out of a well.
- 19Economic issues of using fossil fuelsExpensive and increases as reserves are used up
If oil prices drop it might be more expensive to produce then it sells for - 20Environmental issues of using fossil fuelsReleases carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases
Fracking can pollute groundwater and cause mini-earthquakes causing some people to campaign against it
Accidents can lead to toxic chemicals being leaked into water sources, soils and the atmosphere - 21Economic issues of using renewable energyRenewable and nuclear sources have high costs
Money is needed for research and initial investment
Many renewable sources aren’t reliable enough - 22Environmental issues of using renewable energyNatural ecosystems can be damaged by renewable energy generators like large wind farms and tidal barrage systems
Power stations/ wind farms can be considered an eyesore - 23Water security:having a reliable and sustainable source of water which is enough to meet everyone's needs
- 24Water surplus:more water than needed
- 25Water deficit:not enough water to meet needs
- 26Water insecurity:not enough water to keep everyone healthy or make a living
- 27Water stress:When demand exceeds supply during a certain period
- 28Water demand is rising because...increasing population- need more water for drinking, washing, preparing food and farming
Industry needs more water
15% is used to produce energy
Rising living standards - 29Physical factors affecting water availabilityClimate- rain, heat
Climate change is causing dry areas to get drier
Impermeable rock stops rain from soaking in and doesn’t go into underground stores making it easier to get to- this is bad in very dry places - 30Economic factors affecting water availabilityOver-abstraction
More water is being taken than is being replaced
Poverty- some providers charge a fee for supplying water meaning some people have to find other sources that might not be safe
Limited infrastructure meaning water can’t be stopped from becoming contaminated
Pollution- large problem in countries with increasing industry - 313 impacts of water insecurityPollution and Disease
Food shortages
Reduces industrial output
Conflicts over water supplies - 32Desalination:Extracting water from salt water-very expensive
- 33Ways to increase water sustainabilityFixing leaks
Fitting dual-flush toilets (save 3.5l a flush)
Efficient machines and having full loads
Irrigation- only puts water where it’s needed
Water meters
Educating people to take shorter showers and to turn off taps - 34Ways to manage groundwater useMonitoring usage so that it isn’t being extracted so fast
Use less fertilisers and pesticides
Fining toxic waste leaks
International agreements- can be difficult - 35Recycled water is used in...irrigation, industry, power plants and toilets
- 36'Grey' water comes from...showers, washing machines and sinks
- 37'Grey' water is used for...gardens, farmland, washing cars and flushing toilets
- 38Advantages of the China water transfer schemeProvides water to Beijing and Tianjin
Allows industry to develop
Provides water for farmland - 39Disadvantages of the China water transfer schemeLarge areas have been flooded destroying habitats and damaging ecosystems
Raising a dam flooded farmland and forced 345,000 people to move who most now have less land, worse housing, little compensation and are now unemployed
Supply is very expensive and only is supplied to urban areas that can afford it
Increases water stress and 2010/11 reduce wheat yields - 40How do the Kenya sand dams work?1m dam across a river
During the rainy season sand and water are trapped by the dam (⅓ water)
The sand prevents evaporation
Water can be extracted by digging a well, piping through the dam to a tap or digging holes - 41Advantages of sand damsCheap and require little maintenance
The height can be raised to trap more water
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- Flashcards on Geography resources, created by Louise BURCHETT on 31/03/2018.
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- Louise BURCHETT
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