Flashcards
ISCI 2002 Chapter 12
Cards in this deck (19)
- 1Dalton's model- "The Billiard Ball Model" Essentially these particles are featureless spheres of uniform densityDalton's major hypothesis stated that: Each chemical element is composed of small indivisible particles called atoms, identical for each element but different from atoms of other elements
- 2Dalton's modelDalton's 1807 "billiard ball model" pictured the atom as a tiny indivisible, uniformly dense, solid sphere.
Dalton called it an Atom - 3Thomson-"Plum Pudding Model" Thomson produced 'rays' using several different gas types in cathode-ray tubes. He noted that these rays were deflected by electric and magnetic fields-In 1903 J.J Thomson discovered the electron
-Further experiments by Thomson and others showed that an electron has a mass of 9.11 x 10^-31 kg and a charge of -1.60 x 10^-19 C. - 4Thomson-"Plum Pudding Model" Thomson concluded that this ray consisted of negative particles (now called electrons). Identical electrons were produced no matter what gas was in the tube.Therefore he concluded that atoms of all types contained 'electrons'.
Since atoms as a whole are electronically neutral, some other part of the atom must be positive.
Thomson concluded that the electrons were stuck randomly in an otherwise homogeneous mass of positively charged "pudding". - 5Thomson's ModelThomson's 1903 "plum pudding model" conceived the atom as a sphere in which negatively charged electrons were embedded.
- 6Ernest Rutherford's Model-In 1911 Rutherford discovered that 99.7% of the mass of an atom was concentrated in a tiny core, or nucleus.
-Rutherford's model envisioned the electrons as circulating in some way around a positively charged core. - 7Rutherford's modelRutherford's 1911 "nuclear model" envisioned the atom as having a dense center of positive charge (the nucleus) around which the electrons orbited.
- 8The electron cloud model of the atom today;the cloud's density reflect the probability that the electron is in that region
- 9Atoms have been around since the beginning of the universe. Atoms are mostly empty space.Atoms are perpetually moving.
- 10Element: The term "element" is used when referring to macroscopic quantities.A material made of only one kind of atom. Pure gold is an example as it is made of only gold atoms.
- 11Atom: The term "atom" is used when discussing the submicroscopic.The fundamental unit of an element
- 12Atoms:-make up all matter around us
-to date, 115 distinct kinds of atoms, 90 found in nature, remainder synthesize - 13Element:any material consisting of only one type of atom
- 14Protons:*carry a positive charge-same quantity of charge as electrons
*are about 1800 times as massive as an electron
*have the same number of protons in the nucleus as electrons surrounding the nucleus of an electrically neutral atom - 15Electrons:-are identical
-repel electrons of neighboring atoms
-have electrical repulsion that prevents atomic closeness - 16Atomic number:is the number of protons in each element listed in the periodic table
- 17Neutrons:-accompany protons in the nucleus
-have about the same mass as protons but no charge, so are electrically neutral - 18Both protons and neutrons are called nucleons.*
- 19Isotopes:-refers to atoms of the same element that contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus
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- Integrated Sciences Flashcards on ISCI 2002 Chapter 12, created by Kyanna Jackson on 01/04/2018.
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- Kyanna Jackson · Apr 2018
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- Apr 3, 2018
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